Polar, Nonpolar, and Ionic Bonding Test

Electronegativity

the attraction an element has for the shared pair of electrons in the bond

Polar Covalent Bond

when there is an electronegativity difference between bonded atoms

-occurs when a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms

Trends for Electronegativity

-increasing left to right

-decreasing top to bottom

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

a type of chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other

-occurs when there are no extra electrons in the central atom

VSPER

electron pairs orient around the central atoms in a way to minimize repulsion

-stands for valence shell electron pair repulsion

-used for predicting the molecular structures of molecules formed from nonmetals

Resonance

more than one Lewis Structure can represent a molecule

Unbonded pairs take up...

unbonded pairs take up more space than bonded pairs and push bonds closer

Ionic Bond

when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom

-the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Why are there no values for the noble gases?

it has a full orbital consisting of 8 electrons

Covalent Bond

atoms share electrons

What type of bond would you expect to form between two atoms of somewhat high electronegativity?

Covalent: share electrons because both have high valence electrons

In an ionic bond, the atom with the highest electronegativity will always form a positive or negative ion?

negative ion

True of false: in an ionic bond, the difference in electronegativities between the two bonding atoms is greater than the difference in a covalent bond

true

Ionic or covalent?-MgCl2

Ionic

Ionic or covalent?-Na2S

Ionic

Ionic or covalent?-H20

Covalent

Ionic or covalent?-H2S

Covalent

2 nonmetals creates what type of bond?

covalent bond

1 metal & 1 nonmetal creates what type of bond?

ionic bond

Partially negative atom

high electronegativity

Partially positive atom

low electronegativity

Why do molecules such as H2, Cl2, N2, and so on, have nonpolar bonds?

have identical electronegativities and the same size bond

Ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent?-CP

nonpolar covalent

Ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent?-SO

polar covalent

Ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent?-FeO

ionic

Ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent?-NH

polar covalent

What are the three most electronegative atoms on the periodic table?

Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine (NOF)

Symmetrical (Polar or nonpolar?)

no side of the molecules has more negative or positive charge than another side; nonpolar

Octet Rule

the elements are typically surrounded by 8 electrons

Bond Pair

pair of electrons shared between 2 atoms forming covalent or polar-covalent bond

Lone Pair

electron pairs in a Lewis Structure that are not involved in bonding

Crystal Lattice

3D structure formed by repeating positive and negative ions

What is a formula unit?

smallest unit of crystal lattice

Properties of ionic compounds

hard, high melting point

Why are covalently bonded substances considered molecules when ionic substances are not?

molecules exist as a single particle

Properties of molecular substances

not as strong as ionic and has a low melting point

Exception: B

can only take 6 electrons

Exception: Be

can only take 4 electrons

Chemical Bond

a force that holds groups of two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit