Module 16 - Childhood Disorders

What are externalizing disorders

Conditions involving outward directed behaviours such as aggression impulsivity and rule breaking.

What are internalizing disorders

Conditions involving inward distress such as anxiety depression and withdrawal.

What is separation anxiety disorder

Excessive fear of being away from caregivers.

What is selective mutism

Consistent failure to speak in specific situations despite speaking in others.

What is reactive attachment disorder

Inhibited emotionally withdrawn behaviour toward caregivers due to neglect.

What is disinhibited social engagement disorder

Indiscriminate sociability and lack of boundaries with strangers.

What is oppositional defiant disorder

Angry irritable mood defiant behaviour and vindictiveness.

What is conduct disorder

Persistent violation of others’ rights and societal norms.

What is limited prosocial emotions

Lack of guilt empathy or remorse in conduct disorder.

What is ADHD

A neurodevelopmental disorder involving inattention hyperactivity and impulsivity.

What are inattentive symptoms

Difficulty sustaining attention forgetfulness and disorganization.

What are hyperactive impulsive symptoms

Fidgeting running interrupting and excessive talking.

What is combined presentation ADHD

Both inattentive and hyperactive impulsive symptoms.

What are executive functioning deficits

Problems with planning working memory and inhibition.

What is the biological basis of ADHD

Differences in frontal lobe functioning and dopamine pathways.

What environmental risks contribute to ADHD

Prenatal exposure toxins low birth weight and early adversity.

What is behavioural therapy for ADHD

Reinforcement strategies parent training and structure.

What medications treat ADHD

Stimulants and non stimulant medications.

What is autism spectrum disorder

A disorder involving social communication deficits and restricted repetitive behaviours.

What are social communication deficits

Problems with reciprocity eye contact and understanding social cues.

What are restricted repetitive behaviours

Repetitive movements rigid routines or intense interests.

What is sensory sensitivity in ASD

Over or under reaction to sensory input such as noise or textures.

What is early behavioural intervention

Structured therapy targeting communication and social skills.

What are language delays in ASD

Late speech development or unusual language patterns.

What is intellectual developmental disorder

Deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour beginning in childhood.

What are adaptive functioning deficits

Problems in conceptual social or practical daily skills.

What is the severity of IDD based on

Levels of adaptive functioning not IQ score alone.

What are communication disorders

Problems with speech language or fluency.

What is developmental coordination disorder

Motor skill delays causing clumsiness or poor coordination.

What are specific learning disorders

Difficulties in reading writing or mathematics despite instruction.

What is dyslexia

A learning disorder involving reading accuracy fluency or comprehension problems.

What is dysgraphia

A learning disorder involving writing spelling or handwriting difficulties.

What is dyscalculia

A learning disorder involving math reasoning or calculation difficulties.

What is the cause of learning disorders

Interaction of genetic brain based and environmental factors.

What is early intervention

Support given in early childhood to reduce long term impairment.

What is positive reinforcement

Increasing behaviour by rewarding desired actions.

What is parent management training

Teaching caregivers skills to manage disruptive behaviour.

What is the developmental psychopathology perspective

Understanding disorders through normal and atypical development.

What is equifinality

Different pathways leading to the same disorder.

What is multifinality

One risk factor leading to multiple outcomes.

What is childhood depression

Persistent sadness irritability and loss of interest.

What is childhood anxiety

Excessive fear worry or physical symptoms affecting functioning.

What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Severe recurrent temper outbursts and chronic irritability.

What is tics disorder

Sudden rapid recurrent movements or vocalizations.

What is Tourette’s disorder

Multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic.

What is enuresis

Repeated urination into bed or clothing after expected age.

What is encopresis

Repeated passage of stool into inappropriate places.

What is behavioural shaping

Gradual reinforcement of closer approximations to a target behaviour.