Partitioning of Africa

Civil War

a war between two groups or two regions within the same country

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Artificial Political Boundaries

boundaries created without regard to religion, ethnicity, or other native characteristics

Scramble for Africa

Term given for the rapid invasion of Africa by the various European powers. This began imperialism in Africa.

Partitioning

to divide or separate into parts

Berlin Conference

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa - there were not any Africans present at this meeting.

Nationalism

the idea that people love their country and are proud of it - a display of patriotism

Racism

Belief that one race is superior to another

Colonialism

An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory.

Reasons for European Imperialism in Africa

Protect trade routes; Obtain raw materials / natural resources not in Europe (and then re-sell manufactured products in colonies); Spread Christianity & Western culture; Nationalism / competition between nations

How did partitioning lead to conflict in Africa?

The European nations disregarded the culture (ethnic groups) of the African people - they drew boundaries that benefited Europeans, often grouping enemies together or splitting groups that wanted to remain together. When they left the continent after independence, the nations of Africa did not have leaders with experience ruling a country.

independence

self-reliance and freedom from outside control

The Mau Mau

Revolutionary group in Kenya who used violent means to force out European settlers.

Jomo Kenyatta

Nationalist who helped lead Kenya to independence and first president of Kenya

After WWII

Many countries in Africa started to fight for independence from European countries

Pan-Africanism

the unity of all black Africans worldwide, to support countries with fighting for independence

Marcus Garvey

Pan-Africanist leader during the 1920s who founded the UNIA and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa.

Nigeria gained independence through...

Peaceful and diplomatic means

Kenya gained indepence through...

violence and rebellion against the Europeans

Great Britain and France

The two nations claimed the most territory in Africa during the "Scramble for Africa".