Trauamtic Brain Injuries and Rehabilatation

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Effects that are caused from the damage itself (cell damage and death in the area that was impacted)

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1

Effects that are caused from the damage itself (cell damage and death in the area that was impacted)

Primary Effects

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2

The point that is first struck

Coup Point

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3

The point that is struck after the initial strike

Contra-Coup Point

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4

Acceleration/deceleration injury can cause neurons to tear

Diffuse axonal injuries (shearing)

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5

Effects that are caused by things other than the trauma itself (ex., blood pressing on the brain after injury)

Secondary Effects

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6

Injuries that occur in a circumscribed area of the brain

Focal Injuries

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7

Injuries that involve a more significant amount of brain injury

Diffuse Injuries

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8

What brain injury is associated with the worst outcomes?

Anoxic brain injuries

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9

#1 cause of anoxic brain injuries in adults

Opioid Overdose (causes cardiac arrest)

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10

#1 cause of anoxic brain injuries in children

Drowning

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11

What areas does anoxia effect the brain?

Hippocampus, parietal-occipital­-temporal junction, prefrontal, and cerebellum

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12

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13-15 indicate?

Not in a Coma

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13

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9-12 indicate?

Mild Coma

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14

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3-8 indicate?

Severe Coma

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15

What 3 areas of functioning does the Glasgow Coma Scale look at?

- Eye Movement

- Motor Response

- Verbal Response

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16

Stage of neuroanatomical recovery where neurons re-grow connections to other neurons

Regeneration

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17

Stage of neuroanatomical recovery where nerve fibers grow to communicate with new targets, particularly ones that were vacated by damaged neurons

Sprouting

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18

Stage of neuroanatomical recovery where the synaptic cell develops a heightened sensitivity to neurotransmitters, theoretically because it has lost connections with other neurons due to their death

Denervation Supersensitivity

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19

Stage of neuroanatomical recovery where the brain picks up functioning of the damaged area in a different brain area

Disinhibition of Compensatory Zone

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20

When do most neuroanatomical changes occur?

First 6 months to 2 years of a TBI

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21

Kennard Principle

a sparing of function following a brain lesion in infancy

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22

Under 30 minutes of a loss of consciousness

Mild loss of consciousness

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23

30 minutes to a day of loss of consiousness

Moderate loss of consciousness

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24

Over a day of losing consiousness

Severe loss of consciousness

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