Psychometric properties refer to the characteristics of a psychological test that determine its reliability and validity. These properties include:
- Reliability (consistency of results).
- Test-Retest Reliability: Measures the consistency of results when the same test is administered to the same group of individuals at different times.
- Inter-Rater Reliability: Measures the agreement between different raters or observers when assessing the same phenomenon.
- Internal Consistency Reliability: Measures the extent to which items within a test or scale are consistent in measuring the same construct.
- Parallel Forms Reliability: Measures the consistency of results between different versions of the same test.
- Split-Half Reliability: Measures the consistency of results by splitting a test into two halves and comparing the scores.
- Validity (accuracy of measuring what it intends to measure)
- Internal Validity: Refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures the cause-and-effect relationship between variables within a controlled setting.
- External Validity: Relates to the generalizability of research findings to the real world or other populations.
- Construct Validity: Involves the degree to which a measurement accurately assesses the theoretical construct it intends to measure.
- Content Validity: Refers to the extent to which a measurement covers all relevant aspects of the construct being measured.
- Criterion Validity: Assesses the degree to which a measurement correlates with an established criterion or gold standard.
- Concurrent Validity: Measures the extent to which a new measurement correlates with an existing measurement of the same construct.
- Predictive Validity: Determines the extent to which a measurement predicts future outcomes or behaviors.
- Face Validity: Involves the subjective judgment of whether a measurement appears to measure what it intends to measure.
- Standardization (consistent administration and scoring): In psychometric properties, standardization refers to the process of administering a test using standardized protocols. This means that the test is carefully developed and administered in a consistent manner to ensure that the results are reliable and valid.
- Norms (comparison to a representative sample): Norms, on the other hand, are an integral aspect of psychological testing and provide context and interpretation to test scores. They are established by administering a psychological test to a representative sample of individuals and then comparing their scores to determine the average or typical performance for a particular group. Norms provide a basis for comparing an individual’s test score with the scores of others in the same group.
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Principles of psychometrics involve the use of statistical methods to analyze test data, such as:
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