Psychometric Properties and Principles

The reliability and validity of a psychological test, measuring its consistency and accuracy in assessing what it intends to measure.

Psychometric properties

The degree to which a measurement or test consistently produces the same results over time and under different conditions.

Reliability

The extent to which a test or measure accurately measures what it intends to measure. It ensures that the results are meaningful and reliable.

Validity

The process of establishing uniformity and consistency in procedures, protocols, or products to ensure efficiency, quality, and compatibility across different contexts or industries.

Standardization

Rules or standards of behavior that are accepted and expected within a particular society or group. They guide our actions and help maintain social order and cohesion.

Norms

The consistency of test results when the same test is administered to the same individuals at two different time points. Measures the stability of the test over time.

Test-Retest Reliability

Measures the agreement between different raters or observers when assessing the same phenomenon.

Inter-Rater Reliability

Measures the extent to which items within a test or scale are consistent in measuring the same construct.

Internal Consistency Reliability

Measures the consistency of results between different versions of the same test.

Parallel Forms Reliability

Measures the consistency of results by splitting a test into two halves and comparing the scores.

Split-Half Reliability

Refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures the cause-and-effect relationship between variables within a controlled setting.

Internal Validity

Relates to the generalizability of research findings to the real world or other populations.

External Validity

Involves the degree to which a measurement accurately assesses the theoretical construct it intends to measure.

Construct Validity

Refers to the extent to which a measurement covers all relevant aspects of the construct being measured.

Content Validity

Assesses the degree to which a measurement correlates with an established criterion or gold standard.

Criterion Validity

Measures the extent to which a new measurement correlates with an existing measurement of the same construct.

Concurrent Validity

Determines the extent to which a measurement predicts future outcomes or behaviors.

Predictive Validity

Involves the subjective judgment of whether a measurement appears to measure what it intends to measure.

Face Validity

Involve the use of statistical methods to analyze test data.

Principles of Psychometrics

It is a statistical technique used in educational assessment to evaluate the quality of test items. It helps identify the effectiveness of individual test questions and provides insights into student performance.

Item Analysis

There are two main types of item analysis:

Difficulty Index and Discrimination Index

It is a statistical method used to identify underlying factors or dimensions within a set of observed variables. It aims to reduce the complexity of data by grouping variables that are highly correlated.

Factor Analysis

There are two main types of factor analysis:

Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

It is a statistical process used to adjust scores from different versions or forms of a test to ensure comparability. It aims to account for differences in difficulty between test forms and establish a common scale for score interpretation.

Test Equating

There are three main types of test equating methods:

Concurrent Equating, Post - Equating and Anchor Test Equating