Nutrition Module 6 Vitamins for Blood + Bone Health

what is the function of calcitriol

Helps the body absorb calcium and phosphate from food.

Which of the following statements best describes Vitamin E?

A fat-soluble vitamin involved in red blood cell production. 

A water-soluble vitamin involved in myelin sheet production.

A fat-soluble vitamin also known as the "beauty vitamin".

A water-soluble vitamin with anti-inflammatory properties.

A fat-soluble vitamin involved in red blood cell production. 

Which of the following describes a function of blood? Choose all that apply.

Blood is involved in regulating body temperature.

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients.

Blood carries waste products.

Blood is used by the immune system to carry antigens to the site of infection. 

Blood is involved in regulating body temperature.

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients.

Blood carries waste products.

Which of the following best describes Vitamin B12 (Cobalmin)?

A fat-soluble vitamin important for blood health.

A water-soluble vitamin important for neural tube development in pregnancy.

A water-soluble vitamin which acts as a coenzyme for DNA synthesis. 

A fat-soluble vitamin which is also known as the beauty vitamin.

A water-soluble vitamin which acts as a coenzyme for DNA synthesis. 

Which of the following would reduce the amount of iron absorbed by an individual?

high blood iron

eating a diet consisting mostly of non-heme iron

a diet that is high in animal foods

vitamin C deficiency

high stomach pH (basic)

eating a diet consisting mostly of non-heme iron

vitamin C deficiency

high stomach pH (basic)

shaping of bones; completed by early adulthood

bone modeling

removing old or damaged bone and replacing with new bone

bone remodeling

increase in bone size; completed by age 14 (fem) and 17 (male)

bone growth

Which of the following statements best describes Vitamin B6?

A water-soluble vitamin that is involved in blood health and neurotransmitter synthesis. 

A fat-soluble vitamin that is involved in blood health and neurotransmitter synthesis. 

A water-soluble vitamin that is involved in DNA synthesis and skin health.

A fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties that is involved in blood health. 

A water-soluble vitamin that is involved in blood health and neurotransmitter synthesis. 

What are the functions of bone? Choose all that apply.

Calcium supply

Storage of many essential minerals

Support and movement

Protection of internal organs

Calcium supply

Storage of many essential minerals

Support and movement

Protection of internal organs

Many of the B vitamins are required to support healthy blood and immune function

true

You are a nutritionist. Your patient drinks several coke soda bottles daily. What might be one consequence of this?

Vitamin A deficiency.

Calcium removal from bone.

Phosphate deficiency.

Vitamin C deficiecy.

Calcium removal from bone.

Which of the following is true regarding the function of blood and the immune system?

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all organs which support their functions.

Blood contains only one type of cell, and many nutrients are required for these cells to function properly.

Iron is the only nutrient that is required for blood health.

The immune system which contains immune cells and antibodies is isolated to the lymphatic system.

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all organs which support their functions.

Which of the following vitamins plays an important role in blood coagulation?

k

Which B vitamin is prescribed to pregnant women in order to prevent spina bifida and cleft lip?

B9 (folate)

What mineral is involved in nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and also provides structure for bone and teeth?

calcium

Bone is made of hydroxyapatite crystals which are made of ____ and ____ which is a protein

minerals, collagen

The immune system includes only one cell type that is responsible for fighting disease within the lymph only.

false

collagen is a ___ in bone, therefore ___ ___ are important for bone health

protein, amino acids

Which of the following best describes Vitamin B12 (Cobalmin)?

A water-soluble vitamin which acts as a coenzyme for DNA synthesis.

This vitamin is important for blood cell formation but can also lead to increased risk of bleeding if consumed in excessive amounts?

Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Vitamin E

Vitamin C

Vitamin E

Which are the two major minerals associated with bone health?

calcium and phosphorus

Which of the following statements best describes Vitamin B3?

An important vitamin for numerous enzymes, energy production, and DNA synthesis.

Which of the following best describes Vitamin B12 (Cobalmin)?

A water-soluble vitamin which acts as a coenzyme for DNA synthesis.

____ compounds have been shown to ___ iron absorption from food

polyphenol, reduce

produce the collagen-containing component of bone

osteoblasts

degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodeling and release minerals

osteoclasts

Choose all of the statements that are accurate regarding Vitamin D.
It is activated by sun exposure
It cannot be acquired from the diet

It is a hormone

It is stored in the skin
It is important for Calcium absorption

It is important for Calcium absorption

It is activated by sun exposure

It is a hormone

Which of the following describes a function of blood? Choose all that apply.
Blood is used by the immune system to carry antigens to the site of infection.
Blood is involved in regulating body temperature.
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients.
Blood carries waste products.

Blood is involved in regulating body temperature.
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients.
Blood carries waste products.

A healthy immunes system helps in guarding against the development of cancer.

true

Which of the following is true regarding bone function?

Bone growth in humans is continuous throughout the lifespan.

Bone remodeling in humans is completed by early adolescence.

Bone remodeling in humans is continuous throughout the lifespan.

Bone modeling in humans is continuous throughout the lifespan.

Bone remodeling in humans is continuous throughout the lifespan.

The immune system includes several cell types found in both blood and lymph.

true

high bioavailability, found only in animal food sources, easy for humans to absorb

heme iron

low bioavailability, found in animal and plant food sources, must be altered before absorbed

non heme iron

Which of the following vitamins play a crucial role in red blood cell formation?

vitamins B2, B6, and B12

You are a nutritionist. One of your patients is on a high dose of anti-acids and is showing signs of anemia (reduction in red blood cells). Which vitamin might they be deficient in? Choose the best answer given the information given in lecture. 

vitamin B12

Bone acts as a mineral storage system for certain minerals (such as Calcium) and we pull these minerals from bone when in need.

true

Vitamin B12 is primarily obtained from plant-based sources and is easily absorbed in its synthetic form

false

What mineral binds to free calcium and influences blood calcium levels?

phosphorus

What is true for an individual deficient in calcium?

osteoclast degrade bone to release stored calcium into bloodstream

Excessive intake of Vitamin C can enhance the absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based sources

true

Which of the following minerals is involved in the synthesis of ATP, DNA, and protein, and supports bone structure?

Magnesium

BIron

Zinc

Calcium

magnesium

Which of the following is true regarding the absorption of iron from plant-based sources?

It is enhanced by calcium and magnesium

It is not influenced by other dietary factors

It is enhanced by vitamin C

It is best absorbed in a basic environment

It is enhanced by vitamin C

What is the most common consequence of a vitamin D deficiency in relation to bone health?

Osteomalacia

Scurvy

Hypercalcemia

Anemia

Osteomalacia

A patient with osteoporosis is being treated for low calcium levels. Which of the following would most enhance calcium absorption from the gut?

High-fiber diet

Vitamin D supplementation

Excessive caffeine intake

High iron intake

Vitamin D supplementation

The primary function of iron in blood is to

carry oxygen

bind to and remove waste products.

fight infection

synthesize platelets

carry oxygen

Match food source for vitamin B3

mushroom, liver, salmon

Match food source for vitamin B6

white rice, non-citrus, potato, sunflower seed

Match food source for vitamin B9

liver, legumes, leaft greens

Match food source for vitamin B12

fish, meat, egg

Function of vitamin d

facilitates uptake calcium from food into smaller intestine

What vitamin deficiency is fairly common in the U.S?

fluoride

iron

vitamin D

Vitamin E

iron

vitamin D

What vitamin is patient A deficient in if they have poor blood clotting?

vitamin a

Copper is an essential co-factor for the synthesis of hemoglobin and the transport of iron in the body

true

Vitamin D enhances the absorption of __________ and __________ from the small intestine, which are critical for bone health

calcium, phosphate

Neural tube defect in fetus

spina bifida

mineral component of hemoglobin that carries oxygen in the blood, and its deficiency leads to anemia

iron

Vitamin __________ is a fat-soluble vitamin that supports immune function, reduces inflammation, and helps widen blood vessels

e

Collagen, the organic component of bone tissue, makes up __________% of the bone structure

35

Which of the following vitamins is crucial for the synthesis of collagen, an essential component of bone and blood vessel health?

Vitamin B6

Vitamin K

Vitamin C

Vitamin E

Vitamin C

Which of the following food sources is best for obtaining heme iron, which is more bioavailable than non-heme iron?

Beans

Spinach

Beef liver

Tofu

beef liver

What is the main function of osteoclasts in bone health?

Synthesize collagen fibers

Remove old or damaged bone tissue

Regulate calcium and phosphate ions

Form bone matrix

Remove old or damaged bone tissue

Which vitamin is essential for the production of red blood cells and the proper functioning of the nervous system, and is primarily found in animal products?

Vitamin B9 (Folate)

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Vitamin D

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Which mineral is essential for bone health and also involved in muscle contraction and nerve transmission?

Calcium

Magnesium

Phosphorus

Zinc

calcium

What is the relationship between vitamin D, skin color, and cancer risk?

Dark skin absorbs vitamin D more efficiently, leading to a decreased risk of skin cancer.

Light skin has a higher UV exposure, increasing the risk of vitamin D deficiency and skin cancer.

Skin color does not affect vitamin D synthesis or cancer risk.

Dark skin reduces vitamin D synthesis, leading to a higher risk of skin cancer.

Light skin has a higher UV exposure, increasing the risk of vitamin D deficiency and skin cancer.

Which of the following is a major role of zinc in the body?

Supporting bone formation through collagen synthesis

Enhancing the absorption of calcium from the gut

Assisting in the production of hemoglobin

Regulating gene expression and immune function

Regulating gene expression and immune function

A patient presents with fatigue, pale skin, and a history of poor dietary intake. Their iron levels are low. What is the likely diagnosis, and which type of iron would be more beneficial for their condition?

Vitamin B12 deficiency, non-heme iron

Iron-deficiency anemia, heme iron

Zinc deficiency, non-heme iron

Vitamin C deficiency, heme iron

Iron-deficiency anemia, heme iron

A 30-year-old pregnant woman presents with a folate deficiency. What congenital defect is most likely to result from this deficiency?

Cleft palate

Spina bifida

Down syndrome

Premature birth

spina bifida

A child with a history of malabsorption is diagnosed with rickets. What is the most likely cause of this condition?

Vitamin D deficiency

Iron deficiency

Zinc toxicity

Folate deficiency

vitamin d deficiency

A patient has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease and presents with low phosphorus levels. Which of the following is likely a contributing factor?

Excessive vitamin D intake

Impaired renal function affecting phosphorus retention

Zinc toxicity

Increased absorption of iron

Impaired renal function affecting phosphorus retention

___________ compounds have been shown to _____________ iron absorption from food

phytate, impair