Western civ semester 2 review

Louis Kossuth

Demanded independent gov, an end to serfdom, and a constitution

Yalta conference

Feb. 1945 meeting between the big 3 where they agreed on the Soviet Unions joining the Pacific war and on postwar arrangements

Appeasement

Giving into the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace

Lend-lease act

Law allowing FDR to sell or lend war materials to those fighting for freedom

Island-hopping

The act of recapturing some Japanese held islands while bypassing others

Kamikaze

Japanese pilot who undertook a suicide mission

Neutrality acts

A group of laws enacted by the U.S to avoid involvement in a European conflict

Axis powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Truman doctrine

The policy of limiting communism to the areas already under soviet control

Rotten boroughs

Rural towns in England that sent members to parliament despite having few or no voters

Nuremberg Laws

Took away Jewish people’s citizenship

Women’s suffrage

Women’s voting right

Kulaks

Rich farmers blamed and punished for resistance

Fascism

A form of far-right authoritarianism focusing on nationalism and militarism

Black shirts

Militant fascists

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement to avoid war between 15 countries

Spirit of Locarno

Displayed willingness for peace after WW1

Sigmund Freud

Popularized psychology, originator of psychoanalysis

Albert Einstein

Theoretical physicist who discovered the theory of relativity

Propaganda

Spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause

Total war

No restrictions in rules, objectives, or scope, using all of a nations resources

Zeppelin

A large, gas filled balloon used by Germany

Schlieffen Plan

Plan for German military to avoid French defense and a 2 side war by running through neutral Belgium to quickly take out France while Russia mobilizes

Triple Alliance

AKA central powers, Germany, Italy, Austria, Britain

Militarism

Glorification of the military

Abolition movement

The campaign against slavery and the slave trade

Charles Stewart Parnell

head of the Irish nationalist movement

Dreyfus Affair

Jewish guy who got falsely accused

Secret ballot

Votes cast without announcing them publicly

Benjamin Disraeli

Leader of the conservative party, pushed the reform bill of 1867 to increase suffrage in England

Parliamentary democracy

A form of government where ministers are chosen by, responsible to, and members of an elected legislature or parliament

Coalition

An alliance of various political parties that join together to run a government

Louisiana purchase

A large territory bought from France in 1803, Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the US

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the US was destined to expand from sea to sea across the entire North American content

Kaiser

Political leader in Germany

Camillo Cavour

A politician who worked to unify Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi

A nationalist military leader who worked with Cavour to create a unified Italy

Anarchist

Person who wants to abolish all government

Pogrom

A violent mob attack on Jewish people

Duma

An elected national legislature in Russia

Alfred Nobel

A Swedish chemist who invented dynamite in 1866

Thomas Edison

Created the phonograph, motion picture camera, and practical electric light bulb

Assembly line

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Florence Nightengale

An army nurse in the Crimean War who worked to introduce sanitary measures in British hospitals and founded the world’s first school of nursing

Standard of living

A measure of the quality and availability of necessities and comforts in a society

Urban renewal

The process of fixing up the poor areas of a city

Cult of domesticity

A message put forth by books, magazines, and popular songs that idealized women and the home

Social gospel

A movement that urged Christians to social service

Victor Hugo

A french novelist who recreated his country’s past in novels such as The Hunchback of Notre Dame, rioter of realism

Ludwig van Beethoven

A romantic German composer whose music combined classical forms with a stirring range of sound

Bolsheviks

Russian communists

Franklin D. Roosevelt

President of the US in 1932

New deal

A massive package of economic and social programs introduced by FDR

Russification

Suppress non-russian cultures

Comintern

A communist group whose purpose was to encourage worldwide revolution

Gestapo

Hitler’s secret police

Dmitri Mendeleyev

Chemist who invented early periodic table

Joseph Lister

Started cleaning surgical gear

Louis Phillipe

“Citizen king”

Adolf Hitler

German politician and Nazi Party leader, became Chancellor in 1933 and Führer in 1934

Marie Curie

Discovered radium and polonium

14 points

Principles by Woodrow Wilson on how to avoid war

Bessemer process

Named after Henry Bessemer, a steel making process

Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Organized the first women’s convention (Seneca Falls)

Zimmerman note

 A coded message sent to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the United States

Totalitarian regime

A form of government with a dictator that attempts to assert total control over the lives of its citizens

Nuremberg

City in Germany where trials were held after WW2

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolsheviks

Corporation

Ownership of shares to investors

David Livingstone

Christian missionary who thought if trade was opened in Africa and they were converted to Christianity slavery would end

Hapsburgs

oldest ruling family in Europe, weird

Joseph Stalin

Led the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, was the General Secretary of the Communist Party and Premier of the Soviet Union

Millard Fillmore

Whig, became president after Zachary Taylor died. Signed the Compromise of 1850 to ease tensions over slavery.

Tokugawa family

Ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868, established the Tokugawa shogunate, also supported the arts and had strict isolationist policies.

Alexander III

Was the emperor of Russia

Muhammad Ali of Egypt

Military commander in the Albanian Ottoman force, “father of modern Egypt”

Otto Von Bismarck

Chancellor of the German reich

Prussia

In charge of the German confederation

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Leader of the red shirts

Dual monarchy

Austria and Hungary

Congress of Vienna

Group that wanted a new world order after Napoleon

Ethiopia

Only African country to not be invaded

Millard Fillmore

Forced Japan to open it’s ports

Berlin conference

Divided up Africa

Triple entente

France, Russia, Britain