cells

prokaryote

more simple

• no nucleus

• no membrane bound organelles

ex. bacteria

eukaryote

more complex

• has nucleus

• has membrane bound organelles

ex. plants, animals, fungi, protists

what do eukaryotes/prokaryotes have in common?

• cell membrane bound

• have cytoplasm, DNA, ribsomes

animal cell

plant cell

what is cell theory?

• all organisms are composed of one or more cells

• the cell is the basic unit of structure + organization in organims

• all cells come from preexisting cells

cytoskeleton

provides structure/support to the cell; network of fibers, involved in cell movement

• prokaryote and eukaryote

• both in plant/animal cells

cytoplasm

transports process like metabolism

golgi apparatus

modifies, sorts + packages proteins and lipids for delivery

vacuole

used for storage within the cells, larger in plant cells; used for nutrients, waste, etc

chloroplast

site of photosynthesis in plant cells; converts light energy to chemical energy; food storage

nucleus

control center of the cell, contains the majority of genetic material

flagella

whip-like structure that aids in movement of certain cells (locomotion) and allows them to swim through lipid environments

pseudopod

temporary foot-like extensions of the cytoplasm used by some protozoa for movement and feeding

cell membrane

selective barrier that regulates what enters/exits the cell

cell wall

provides structural support + protection to plant cells; maintains shape + prevents excessive water loss

nuclear envelope

double membrane that surrounds the nucleus, controls the passage of substances in/out of the nucleus

mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell, generates ATP through cell respiration

endoplasmic reticulum (ER), rough/smooth

network of membranes that work to transport proteins and lipids internally

lysosomes

contains digestive enzymes for breakdown of waste + cellular debris

centriole

cylindrical structure involved in cell division; helps organize the mitotic spindle + ensure proper chromosome separation

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis, can be found floating freely in cytoplasm (or attached to ER)

cilium

short hair-like projections that move in a coordinated manner to help propel cells or move fluids along the cell surface

nucleolus

region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosomes are made

vesicle

destroys/absorbs toxic substances

virus shapes

is a virus alive?

a virus is not alive

• viruses don’t have cells

• can’t reproduce or copy their DNA

• uses hosts to create more viruses

• binds to receptors on cells

• cannot maintain homeostasis

• are NOT made up of cells and dont have a metabolism

lytic cycle

shorter cycle, viruses cause cell to burst → cell dies

lysogenic cycle

longer cycle, viruses stay hidden and multiply —> cell survives but more viruses are created