Plant Tissues and Organs Ch 35 and portions of Ch 36 & Ch 39 Tissues

What is the function of meristematic tissue?

cell division (produces new cells for growth).

True/False:
Meristematic cells are alive at maturity.

True

Meristems/Meristematic Tissue

Alive or Dead?

Alive

Meristems/Meristematic Tissue

Complex tissue or Simple tissue?

Complex tissue

What are “initials”?

Undifferentiated dividing cells in the zone of cell division

What are “derivatives”?

Cells that begin to differentiate in the zone of elongation

Why are meristematic cells considered totipotent/pluripotent?

Because they can become any type of plant cell

Meristematic tissue is a simple tissue.

False

What are the three basic plant tissue types?

Dermal, Ground, and Vascular

What is a simple tissue?

A tissue made of one cell type

What is a complex tissue?

A tissue made of two or more cell types

Function of parenchyma?

Storage of food

Parenchyma

Alive or dead

alive

True/False:
Parenchyma is a simple tissue.

true

Parenchyma is what type of tissue?

Ground Tissue Type

Function of collenchyma?

Structure/support

Collenchyma cells are alive.

true

Collenchyma is a complex tissue or simple tissue?

simple tissue

Collenchyma is what type of tissue?

Ground Tissue Type

Function of sclerenchyma?

Structure/support

Sclerenchyma cells are alive or dead?

dead

Why is sclerenchyma considered complex in your notes?

Because it includes multiple cell types (fiber cells and stone cells).

sclerenchyma is what type of tissue?

Ground Tissue Type

Function of xylem?

Transport water

Xylem cells are alive or dead?

dead

What are the two xylem cell types seen in lab?

Tracheids and vessel membrane

Xylem is what type of tissue?

vascular type

What is transpiration?

Evaporation of water from leaves

Cohesion/Tension Theory

Water molecules stick

together like magnets

(Hydrogen Bonds among water molecules)

Why does water move upward in plants according to cohesion/tension theory?

Because water molecules stick together via hydrogen bonds (cohesion), pulling water upward.

Function of phloem?

Transport food

Phloem is alive or dead?

alive

Phloem is a complex tissue or simple tissue?

complex tissue

What is symplastic loading?

Movement of food through cells into the phloem

Why is phloem transport important?

It distributes sugars from storage (parenchyma) to the rest of the plant.

If phloem is damaged, a “food clot” can form.

true

Phloem is what type of tissue?

vascular type

Function of the epidermis?

Protection and sometimes photosynthesis

. True/False:
Epidermal cells are dead at maturity

false - alive at maturity

Why is the epidermis considered complex?

Because it includes specialized cells (guard cells, root hairs, etc.).

What structures in the epidermis allow gas exchange?

Stomata (with guard cells)

Epidermis is what type of tissue?

dermal type

Stems are considered the first plant organ.

True

List three functions of stems.

Structure, meristematic growth, vascular transport

Meristematic stem ____________________

like roots also

have meristems @ various plants

that produce new portions of

the plant (roots, stems, leaves + flowers)

Why are stems important for vascular transport?

They connect xylem and phloem between roots, leaves, and flowers.

What are herbaceous stems?

Green, non-woody stems (primary growth)

Monocot stems

“monkey faces!!”

Vascular bundles

defined by

sclerenchyma

True/False:

Stems have an endodermis.

false

True/False:
Monocots produce wood.

false

Woody growth comes from

2 Lateral secondary meristems

What are the two secondary meristems?

Vascular cambium and cork cambium

Function of vascular cambium?

Produces secondary xylem and phloem

Function of cork cambium?

Produces cork + cortex and contributes to outer bark

Why are roots important for the entire plant?

They absorb water/minerals, provide structure, and transport resources.

What is the radicle?

The embryonic (baby) root

True/False:
The radicle is the first organ to emerge from a seed.

true

Fate of Radical

                determine

root system types

What is a taproot system?

radicle lives, radicle persists

To become one very large root

with some much smaller roots

branching off or no other

roots branching off

Typical of Dicots  

True/False:
Taproots are typical of dicots.

True

What is a fibrous root system?

radicle dies or

radicle does not persist, while

many similar seized roots emerge

from based of stem

True/False:
Fibrous roots are typical of monocots.

True

What are adventitious roots?

Roots that grow from stems above ground

What are contractile roots?

Roots that pull the plant deeper into the soil

What are parasitic roots?

Roots that obtain nutrients from other plants

What do root hairs do?

Increase surface area and absorb water via active transport