Unit 12: Urinary System

kidney

this organ filters blood, forms urine, and helps regulate metabolism

ureter

this transports urine

urinary bladder

this is the place where urine is held

urethra

this drains the bladder of urine

sanitation workers

what are the kidneys known as?

erythropoietin

what hormone do the kidneys produce?

stimulates red blood cell production in marrow

what does erythropoietin do?

bean

what is the shape of a kidney?

true

true or false: the kidney is about the size of a bar of soap

T12-L3

around what vertebrae are the kidneys located?

false

true or false: the kidneys are located inside the peritoneum

adipose

what type of tissue are the kidneys surrounded by?

adrenal glands

what are the tops of the kidneys covered by?

renal hilus

medial indentation (#12)

renal pelvis

funnel at superior end of ureter (#10)

calyx

sections of renal pelvis (7 & 8)

medulla

cone shaped mass of tissue (#2)

cortex

contains nephrons (#1)

renal columns

regions of cortex that separate the medullary pyramids (#5)

nephron

basic functional unit of a kidney

1 million

how many nephrons does each kidney have?

glomerulus

knot of capillaries under high pressure

bowman’s capsule

surrounds the glomerulus

podocytes

filtrate

filtered materials (water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, vitamins)

45

about __ gallons of filtrate pass from blood to renal tubes each day

peritubular capillaries

where is most of the filtrate reabsorbed into the blood?

distal, urine

filtrate that remains in the ___ tube becomes ___

collecting ducts

urine drains into ___ ___ which lead to medulla

renal pelvis

medulla lead to calyces and then to ___ ___

glomerulus

in the first step of filtration, blood collects in a ___ and is under high pressure

podocytes, Bowman’s capsule

after blood collects, ___ absorb filtrates that are being forced out of the glomerulus and into the ___ ___

proximal convoluted

after filtrates go into the bowman’s capsule, filtrates enter the ___ ___ tube

capillaries

filtrates and 99% of water is reabsorbed into the ___

loop of henle, distal convoluted

remaining filtrates after the capillaries are carried through the ___ ___ ___ and to the ___ ___ tube

urine

Filtrates in the distal convoluted tube become ___

renal pelvis

All urine from each nephron is funneled to the ___ ___

urochrome

pigment produced when hemoglobin is broken down

urinalysis

physical & chemical assessment of urine

pyelogram

x-ray image of kidneys

diuretics

drugs that promote fluid loss in the urine

hematuria

blood loss in urine

proteinuria

protein loss in urine

dysuria

painful urination

UTI/urinary tract infection

bacteria colonize bladder, ureters, urethra

ureters

slender tubes that carry urine from kidney to bladder

peristalsis

how do the ureters propel urine?

small folds in the lining

how is urine prevented from backing up?

kidney stones

extremely concentrated urine

renal pelvis

where do crystals precipitate?

intense pain

ureters closing in on the sharp crystals causes…

surgery or lithotripsy

what are the treatment options for kidney stones?

urinary bladder

collapsible sac made of smooth muscle that stores urine temporarily

transitional epithelium

what type of tissue lines the bladder?

posterior to the pubis symphysis

explain the location of the bladder anatomically

ureteral orifices

what are the openings to the bladder from the ureters called?

internal urethral orifice

what is the opening to the bladder from the urethra called?

trigone

smooth, sensitive triangular region, prone to infection

superiorly

which way does the bladder expand as it fills?

4 cups

how much is the bladder capable of holding?

urethra

uses peristalsis to pass urine from bladder to outside of body

internal sphincter

involuntary, junction of bladder & urethra (smooth muscle)

external sphincter

voluntary, surrounds urethra (skeletal muscle)

2 in

how long is the female urethra?

8 in

how long is the male urethra?

micturition/voiding

act of emptying the bladder

200

after ___ mL collect, the bladder stretches, stimulating nerves

incontinence

unable to control the external sphincter

urinary retention

bladder is unable to expel urine