Russian Culture 10

Ch. 18, 19, 21

Ivan Turgenev

• “Fathers and Sons”

• gentry

• lived in Western Europe
  “Westernizer”

Fyodor Dostoevsky

• raznochinets (middle class)

• slavophile

• “Crime and Punishment”

• “The Idiot”

• “The Brothers Karamazov”

Leo Tolstoy

• aristocrat (count)

• led a pleasure seeking life

• married in his 30s and had 13 children

• did peasant work when he lived in a family estate

• started a peasant school

• spiritual mid-life crisis

• “Kholstomer”

• “War and Peace”

• “Anna Karenina”

Tolstoy’s views

rationalism, rationalized Christianity, pacifism, political anarchism, vegetarianism

Yasnaya Polynaya

• Tolstoy’s estate

Kholstomer (The Story of a Horse)

• oppression of lower class

• critique on Serfdorm

• sexuality/body

• identity

• ownership

second half of 19th century

literature- Realism

drama- Realism (Chekov + Stan.)

fine arts- “The Wanderers”

music- Tchaikovsky and “The Handful Five”

ballet- The Imperial Ballet

Early 20th Century

Silver Age of Literature

Russian Revolution art

• literature- non realistic

• “art for arts sake”

• World of Art

• ballet- Ballet Russes

• fine arts- Avant Garde

• music- Stravinsky

Russian Realism

literary movement that
represents reality by portraying mundane,represents reality by portraying mundane,
everyday experiences of ordinary people,everyday experiences of ordinary people,primarily from the middle and lower classes primarily from the middle and lower classes of society. Literary realism seeks to tell aof society. Literary realism seeks to tell a story as truthfully as possible, instead of story as truthfully as possible, instead of dramatizing or romanticizing it dramatizing or romanticizing it

Anton Chekov

• middle class

• medical doctor

• died of TB

• “The Cherry Orchard”

• “Uncle Vanya”

• The Seagull”

• “Three Sisters”

“The Wanderers”

• group of artists who painted the "real life” of Russia

• withdrew from the Prestigious Academy of the Arts

• traveling art exhibits

Ivan Kramskoy

• portrait of Leo Tolstoy

Vasily Perov

• “The Easter Procession”

Nikolai Ge

• “The Last Supper”

Nikolai Ge

• “Peter the Great Interrogating the Tsarevich Alexey”

Ivan Kramskoy

• “The Temptation of Christ”

Grigory Mysoyedov

• “Mowers”

Ilya Replin

• Bargemen”

IIya Replin

• “Isar Ivan IV with the body of his son Ivan”

Ilya Replin

• portait of Leo Tolstoy

Ilya Replin

• “They did not expect him”

Vasily Surikov

• “Boyarina Morozova”

Vasily Surikov

• “The Taking of a Snow Fortress”

Ivan Shishkin

• “Morning in a Pine Forest”

Ivan Shiskin

• “Rye”

Pavel Tretyakov

• Art Aficionado

• Art Merchant

• wealthy merchant

• supported “The Wanderers”

The Tretyakov Gallery

• art museum in Moscow

• Tretyakov’s house

The Mighty Handful

• formed in 1856

• five composers were self taught and had other jobs in addition to their passion for music

• Russian music

Mili Balakirev

• inspired by Mikhail Glinka

Ceasar Cui

• military engineer for Lithuania

Modest Mussorgsky

• Boris Godunov

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

• naval cadet

• 3 year graduation cruise with Imperial Navy

• Snow Maiden

• The Tale of Tsar Sultan

Alexander Borodin

• enrolled in med school

• devoted to science and medicine

• Prince Igor

most famous of the five

• Alexander Borodin

• Modest Mussorgsky

• Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Peter Tchaikovsky

• reading music at 8

• went to military boarding school

• St. Petersburg Conservatory for music

• married a student

• cholera/suspected suicide

• collaborated with Petipa- french ballerino and chereographer

• combined Western and Russian styles

Tcaikovksy’s work

• Romeo and Juliet

• Swan Lake

• The Queen of Spades

• The Nutcracker

• The Sleeping Beauty

Opera Houses in St. Petersburg

4

Opera houses

• St. Petersburg

• Moscow

• Tifilis

• Odessa

• Kiev

• permanent companies

Naradny Dom (People’s Palace)

• built by Nicholas II

• cheaper

• St. Petersburg

Maryinsky Theatre

• St. Petersburg

• Alberto Cavos

• crystal chandeliars

• blue velvet chairs

Bolshoy Theatre

• Moscow

• premeired: The Snow Maiden and The Maid of Pskov

The Imperial Ballet

• designed by Carlo Rossi

• Neoclassical style of Alexander I

• high competitive

• ballerinas had military status

• doctor examinations

• sing a scale and read music is a requirement

• own chapel, choir, and theatre

• uniforms

• also learned math, literature, history and languages

Anna Pavlova

• ballerina and cheographer

Vaslav Nijinsky

• one of the most gifted mall dancers

• went crazy

“The World of Art”

• journal and artistic movement

Sergei Diaghilev

• key founder of the World of Art

• gay

• compared to looking like a skunk due to the white streak in his hair

• revolutionized theatre, music, dance, and art

Alexander Benois

• artist, historian, and art critic

• scenic designer for Marlinksy Theatre

• stage designed Ballet Russes in Paris

Leon Baskt

• portait of Sergei