Unit 3 - AP World History

Gutenberg Printing Press

moveable types whose invention followed by an increase in literacy

Ottoman

largest and most enduring
Region: modern day Turkey, Europe, North Africa, Southeast Asia
Religion: Sunni Islam
Rulers: Mehmed II, Suleiman I
Government: sultans

Istanbul

Capital of the Ottoman Empire; named this after 1453 and the sack of Constantinople.

Suleiman

Ottoman reached it's peak
armies overran Hungary in 1526, and at gates of Vienna in 1529

devshirme

selection system used by Ottoman sultans to staff their military and government and ensure control over large areas.

Janissaries

most famous group of Christian boys, formed elite forces in the Ottoman army

Sunni

Ottoman Empire's religious (stronghold)

Sultans

Ottoman rulers

Safavid

Religion: Shi'a Islam
Region: Persia/Iran, Iraq
Rulers: Shah Ismail, Shah Abbas
Government: shah

Shah Ismail

early Safavid military hero, conquered most of Persia and pushed into Iraq
only 14 or 15 years old, conquered all of Iran and became shah in 1501

Shi'a

used by Shah Ismail as a unifying force to build a power base to support his rule and deny legitimacy to Sunni
caused conflicts with the Ottoman Empire

Mughal

under Akbar: one of the richest and best governed states in the world. Good overseas trade during peaceful period, religiously tolerant
Traded: textiles, tropical foods, spices, precious stones
region: India
religion: Hinduism, Sikhism, religiously tolerant
Founder: Babur
Rulers: Akbar, Aurangzeb

Babur

descendant of Tamerlane
founded 300 year dynasty when India was in disarray
conquests in northern India and formed central gov similar to Suleiman in Turkey
grandfather to Akbar

Akbar

Babur's grandson
achieved grand religious and political goals for Mughal

Hindu

used Castes in Mughal India
tolerated under Akbar

Taj-Mahal

one of Mughal India's magnificent architectural accomplishments
built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife

Sikhism

provided land grants by Akbar even though a relatively new religion developed from Hinduism and influences by Islamic mysticism (surfism)

Russia

Rulers: Ivan IV, Peter the Great
taken control of by the Romanov Dynasty after Ivan's death
three mains groups had conflicts: The Church, the boyars, and the tsar's royal family

Serfdom

what peasants were in as a result of sinking more and more in debt.
Serfs were peasants who received a plot of land and protection from a noble.

Divine Right of Kings

believed in by England's King James, common claim from Middle Ages that the right to rule was given to a king by God

Absolute Monarchy

directed by one source of power, one king with complete authority

tax farmers

what intendents were sometimes called, oversaw collection of various taxes in support of royal governments

Palace of Versailles

where King Louis kept nobles close to him, making it difficult for them to act independently or plot against him

East Asia

Ming Dynasty followed after Yuan Dynasty, wanting to erase influence from Mongol leaders

Ming

overthrew China's Yuan Dynasty founded by Mongol invader
rulers managed to stabilize East Asian region for 300 years
Portuguese and Europeans arrived during this era

Manchu

in 1644, seized power from Manchuria and established Qing Dynasty

Kangxi

one of China's longest-reigning emperors, stability and expansion during Qing Dynasty
sent forces into Taiwan, Mongolia and Central Asia

Samurai

each army of warriors in daimyo

Protestant Reformation

various reform efforts by Lutherans and Calvinists in the Holy Roman Empire

Renaissance

period characterized by revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, art, culture, and civic virtue
included gutenberg printing press and interest in humanism

Civil Service Exam

brought back by Ming
improved education by establishing a national school system

Zheng He

Chinese sailor and explorer who traveled the Indian Ocean for the early Ming Dynasty

Junks

Ships of Zheng He

Divine Right

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Chimampas

floating gardens used for farming

Tenochilitan

Aztec capital city

Terrace Farming

a farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain

Mita

Tax on labor where you had to work for the government on infrastructure projects

human sacrifice

Killing of humans for a purpose like worshiping a god, practiced widely by the Aztecs and a little by the Maya

Great Wall

Refortified under the Ming Dynasty