Gastric Physiology and Secretions

These flashcards contain key terms and definitions related to gastric physiology and secretions, summarizing important concepts from the lecture.

Stomach

The most dilated segment of the digestive tube, located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen.

Cardia

The upper part of the stomach near the esophagus where solid and liquid food passes.

Fundus

The dome-shaped upper part of the stomach located beneath the diaphragm.

Body of the Stomach

The main part of the stomach responsible for mixing food.

Pylorus

The funnel-shaped part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum, controlling food release.

Rugae

Temporary folds in the gastric mucosa that allow the stomach to expand and increase surface area for digestion.

Mucus

A protective secretion from gastric surface cells that serves as the first line of defense against gastric acids.

Pepsinogen

An inactive enzyme secreted by gastric chief cells, activated to pepsin in the stomach.

Intrinsic Factor

A glycoprotein secreted by parietal cells essential for the absorption of vitamin B12.

Gastrin

A hormone produced by G cells in the stomach that stimulates secretion of gastric acid.

HCl (Hydrochloric Acid)

An acid produced by parietal cells in the stomach, important for digestion and killing bacteria.

Somatostatin

A hormone that inhibits secretion of gastric acid and gastrin.

Lipase

An enzyme secreted by gastric chief cells that aids in fat digestion.

Renin (Rennin)

An enzyme important in newborns that helps curdle milk in the stomach.

Gastrointestinal Hormones

Chemical messengers like secretin and CCK that regulate digestive processes.

Cephalic Phase

The phase of gastric secretion that occurs before food enters the stomach, stimulated by thoughts and sensory inputs associated with eating.

Gastric Phase

The phase where food enters the stomach, stimulating secretion through distension and the presence of proteins.

Intestinal Phase

The phase that begins when acidic chyme enters the duodenum, inhibiting gastric secretion.