World History - Imperialism Test

What are the motives for imperialism?

EMPIRE

Economic Motive

Desire to make money, expand and control foreign trade, raw materials, and cheap labor

Political Motive

Gain power and compete, expand territory, military force, boost national pride

Ideological Motive

cultural values, white supremacy, social darwinism, survival of the fittest

Religious Motive

Spread Christianity, spread European values and beliefs, and end the slave trade

Exploratory Motive

explore unknown, conduct medical searches, adventure.

Forms of Imperialism

Colony, Protectorate, Economic Imperialism, Sphere of Influence

Colony

A country or territory governed internally by  a foreign power.

*Ex: India was a colony of Great Britain*

Protectorate

A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power.

*Ex: Britain had a protectorate over the Niger River Delta in Africa*

Economic Imperialism

An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than a government.

*Ex: The Dole Fruit Company controlled the pineapple trade in Hawaii before it became an American state*

Sphere of Influence

An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

*Ex: China was controlled by many spheres of influence*

Direct Control

• Foreign officials brought in to rule

• No self-rule

• Goal is assimilation

• Government institutions based on European styles and values

Indirect Control

• Local officials used

• Limited self-government

• Goal: to develop future leaders

• Government institutions based on European styles and values but may also have local rules

Scenario of Imperialism? Your nation needs oil to fuel and power your newly industrialized economy. However, you have no oil in your country. You need access to a Middle Eastern country’s oil so you use your superior military to force them to allow you to refine and control all the oil in their nation.

Sphere of Influence

Scenario of Imperialism? If you wanted a nation for its resources, but also wanted to convert its people to Christianity, which form of imperialism would you use? 

Colony

Scenario of Imperialism? If you want a nation to be a part of your empire but are only interested in adding it due to its geographic location (you can use it for stop off points for trade, military operations, refueling etc), and you allow the people to mostly govern themselves, which for of imperialism would you use?

Protectorate

Scenario of Imperialism? You own a business and use another nation’s coal mines for your production. They have said they no longer want to allow your company access to their mines. That coal is vital to your production so you use your substantial business power to take over their land and control it, which form of imperialism is this?

Economic Imperialism

Most controlling Imperialism to Least controlling

Colony, Protectorate, Economic Imperialism, Sphere of Influence

Berlin Conference

they sought to discuss the partitioning of Africa, establishing rules to amicably divide resources among the Western countries at the expense of the African people.

Scramble for Africa

the artificial drawing of African political boundaries among European powers in the end of the 19th century – led to the partitioning of several ethnicities across newly created African states.

King Leopold II

King of Belgium who extracted large amounts of rubber from the Congo and called the Berlin Conference

What did King Leopold II extract from the Congo and how?

Rubber through human labor

How did King Leopold II describe his intentions in Africa? Did he really?

described as humane and benevolent (good/gracious) and no he was gas lighting

What were causes of conflict between China and the West?

Imbalance of Trade & Opium War

Imbalance of Trade

Long term cause of war. China requested silver for tea and silver was more expensive than tea, so it was an imbalance of trade

Opium War

To balance the trade, British introduced opium (highly addictive drug) to china and traded it for tea. It soon was banned by the Chinese, but the British still kept the market alive by smuggling the drugs in to Chinese merchants.

Treaty of Nanjing

The treaty that ended the opium war; Benefits for the british include more ports, special rights (concession areas) 21 million silver dollars from China, as well as equality with China

Boxer Rebellion Factors

exploitation of Chinese customs and societies

What is the boxer rebellion?

Martial art society transformed into a semi-official militia that targeted foreigners, churches, and western officials. Very violent and resulted in 1,000s of Chinese Christian deaths.

Why was Boxer Rebellion a final humiliation for the Chinese?

The Chinese government couldn’t even stop their own rebellion

Sepoy Rebellion

A group of Indian soldiers under British control protected trading interests. They led a revolt known as the Sepoy rebellion against the British.

What nation had taken control over most of India

Britain

Did Great Britain give the people of India rights?

Little to no rights

What did the British ignore in India?

religion, culture, and Indian traditions

What wre the new gun cartridges greased with?

beef + pork fat

What religions did the new gun cartridges violate

Hinduism and Islam

At the end of the Sepoy Rebellion, who had full control over India

British Government now known as Raj

Why did the British imperialize India?

Large, inexpensive labor force and raw materials such as jute, poppies, cotton, tea, etc

Why was India vulnerable to British rule?

Heterogeneous Population, Religion, Political, and social

What kind of imperialism was india?

Economic Imperialism to Colony

British East India Company

English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India.

British Raj

the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent (direct political, economic, and social control)

What form of Imperialism was China?

Spheres of Influence

What form of Imperialism was India?

Economic to Colony

Treaty of Kanagawa

Japan forced to trade w/ U.S. (peaceful)

How was Japan different from other cases of imperialism?

Japan did not fight imperialism but rather embraced it to avoid war. Industrialized and became an imperial power themselves

Meiji Restoration

A period where Japan was industrialized, westernized, and modernized by western powers and restored practical imperial rule to Japan

Sino-Japanese War

War fought between China and Japan which proved Japan was an equal with western countries and powers.

Russo-Japanese War

War fought between Russia and Japan which proved Japan was an equal with western countries and powers.

Open door policy

Chinese were forced to trade with western countries and anyone else who wanted to trade with them

What do indirect and direct control have in common?

Both based on government institutions on European Styles

How did Social Darwinism contribute to imperialism?

Only fittest nations deserved to survive