Reproductive System

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on the male and female reproductive systems.

What is the function of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?

The scrotum is a sac-like structure that houses the testes.

What are the three regions of the penis?

The three regions of the penis are the root, shaft, and glans.

What are the two columns of erectile tissue in the penis called?

Corpus cavernosa.

What is cryptorchidism?

Cryptorchidism is a condition where the testes do not descend into the scrotal sac.

What hormone promotes spermatogenesis in males?

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).

What is the main androgen produced in the testes?

Testosterone.

What is the process by which spermatozoa become fully functional?

Capacitation.

What are the functions of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

The prostate gland produces prostatic fluid, contributes to the volume of semen, and contains seminalplasmin, an antibiotic.

What are the sections of the male urethra?

Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy (penile) urethra.

What is the main function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

Production of immature female gametes (oocytes) and secretion of female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

Define oogenesis.

Oogenesis is the production of ova (female gametes) which begins before birth, accelerates at puberty, and ceases at menopause.

What are polar bodies?

Polar bodies are small cells produced during oogenesis that contain genetic material but very little cytoplasm; they disintegrate and are not used in reproduction.

What marks the end of the follicular phase in the ovarian cycle?

Ovulation.

What is the function of the uterus during pregnancy?

The uterus provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus.

What are the phases of the uterine cycle?

Menses, proliferative phase, and secretory phase.

What triggers ovulation in the female reproductive cycle?

Luteinizing hormone (LH).