acute/chronic kidney injury - complex exam three

what labs would indicate a AKI?

increased BUN and creatinine

prerenal AKI is characterized by -

poor kidney perfusion

intrarenal/intrinsic AKI is characterized by -

direct kidney injury

post renal AKI in characterized by -

obstruction

shock, trauma, and cardiac failure can all cause -

prerenal AKI

what is the treatment for prerenal AKI in the initial phase?

fluid challenge + diuretic (loop diuretic/Lasix or osmotic diuretic/mannitol)

crush injury to the kidneys, medication (antibiotics), and chemo are all possible causes of -

acute tubular necrosis

mismatched blood transfusions can cause -

intrarenal AKI

if a patient urinates less than 400 cc/day they are in the -

oliguric phase

what complication of the oliguric phase of AKI requires immediate intervention?

EKG changes

what is the leading cause of death in AKI?

infection

what is the medication given to manage potassium levels in an AKI patient not receiving dialysis?

kayexalate

what education should you give a patient in AKI about nutrition?

low protein, high carbohydrate, low potassium/phoshate/sodium

a patient with AKI is experiencing volume overload, a potassium of greater than 6mEq/L, a BUN over 120 mg/dL, and signs of uremic intoxication - what is the next step?

recommend dialysis

when is CCRT indicated?

for unstable patients

when your patient starts urinating over 3000 cc/day - what stage did they enter?

diuretic phase

what are priority complications you look out for during the diuretic phase?

hypovolemia and hyperkalemia

what do you provide during the diuretic phase?

fluid replacement, K replacement, nutritional support

labs expected with postrenal AKI?

increased BUN and normal/increased creatinine

the accumulation of waste products in the blood?

azotemia