AP Biology Unit 1 Chemistry of Life

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Monomers

1 / 43

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Vocab and Notes from Unit 1 of AP Biology, Chemistry of LIfe.

44 Terms

1

Monomers

The building blocks of polymers.

New cards
2

Dehydration Synthesis

One monomer forms a covalent bond to another monomer and releases a water molecule.

New cards
3

Hydrolysis

A bond is broken by adding a water molecule (one molecule gains “H” and the other gains “OH”

New cards
4

Composition of Carbs

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

New cards
5

Monosaccharaide

The building block/monomer of carbohydrates.

Simple sugar, contain 3-7 carbon atoms (ex. glucose, fructose galactose, all are isomers of each other (differ in organization of their atoms)).

New cards
6

Disaccharide

Form when two monosaccharides bond via dehydration synthesis (ex lactose, maltose, sucrose)

New cards
7

Polysaccharide

Long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds (the chain may be branched or linear)

ex. starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

New cards
8

Starch

stored form of sugars in plants

New cards
9

Glycogen

storage form of glucose in humans

New cards
10

Primary Structure of Proteins

sequence of amino acids

New cards
11

Secondary Structure of Proteins

Occurs due to interactions of the peptide backbone

  • Beta-pleated sheets (hydrogen bonding)

    • parallel — backbones interact + sequences match

    • Anti parallel - opposite sequences + backbones interact

  • Alpha helix - hydrogen bonds between different layers of the helix.

New cards
12

Tertiary Protein Structure

This is due to interactions of side chains. It is the overall 3D shape of the protein and often minimalizes free energy. Various types of bonds and interactions stabilize the protein at this level. Most proteins become functional at this level.

New cards
13

Quaternary Protein Structure

(more than one polypeptide), arises from the interactions of multiple polypeptide units. Some proteins aren’t functional until this stage, such as hemoglobin.

New cards
14

Nucleotides

Building blocks/monomers of nucleotides

New cards
15

Amino Acids

Building block/monomers of proteins

New cards
16

Fatty acids or glycerol

building blocks of lipids (not really monomers)

New cards
17

Function of carbohydrates

Quick/short term energy, source of dietary fiber

New cards
18

Function of Lipids

long-term energy, make up biological membranes (phospholipids)

New cards
19

Proteins

Provide cell structure, send chemical signals, speed up chemical reactions (enxymes), C

New cards
20

CHNOPS in Proteins

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, (only sometimes phosphorus)

New cards
21

CHNOPS in Nucleic Acids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, not Sulfur

New cards
22

CHNOPS in Carbs

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (ratio 1:2:1)

New cards
23

CHNOPS in Lipids

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, sometimes phosphorus.

New cards
24

Hydroxyl group

OH (polar)

<p>OH (polar)</p>
New cards
25

Carboxyl Group

COOH (acidic)

<p>COOH (acidic)</p>
New cards
26

Methyl Group

CH3 (nonpolar)

<p>CH3 (nonpolar)</p>
New cards
27

Carbonyl Group

CO (double bond) (polar)

<p>CO (double bond) (polar)</p>
New cards
28

Sulfhydryl Group

SH (polar)

<p>SH (polar)</p>
New cards
29

Amino

NH2 (basic)

<p>NH2 (basic)</p>
New cards
30

Polypeptide

a continuous, unbranched chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

New cards
31

Amino Acid

Consists of an amino (NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) and an R group which dictates its’ polarity and properties (size and structure). A protein is synthesized at the Carboxyl terminus.

New cards
32

R-Group CH3

Hydrophobic, nonpolar

New cards
33

R-Group CH2-OH

Hydrophilic, polar

New cards
34

R-Group CH2-COOH

Ionic, polar

New cards
35

Nucleic Acid Makeup

5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base.

<p>5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base.</p>
New cards
36

Ribose

The sugar in RNA

New cards
37

Deoxyribose

The sugar in DNA

New cards
38

AGCT

Nitrogenous bases of DNA

New cards
39

AGCU

Nitrogenous bases of RNA

New cards
40

Glycosidic Bond

is a type of ether bond that joins a carbohydrate molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.

New cards
41

Structure of DNA

Antiparallel, double helix, runs 5’ to 3’ one one side and 3’ to 5’ on the other.

New cards
42

Structure of RNA

Single strand

New cards
43

2 hydrogen bonds

There are BLANK holding together Adenine and Thymine in DNA.

New cards
44

3 hydrogen bonds

There are BLANK holding together Guanine and Cytosine in DNA.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 24 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 34 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 30 people
... ago
4.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (52)
studied byStudied by 11 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (55)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (73)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (21)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (46)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (29)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (33)
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (104)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
robot