Studied by 1 personThe primary factors affecting population growth include birth rate, death rate, immigration, and
emigration
Which factor might not contribute to an exponential growth rate in a given population?
reduced resources
A growth that starts really slow and then rises really fast
Exponential
The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support is it's
Carrying capacity
what does the term population density refer to?
The number of individuals in a unit area
Species has a range where it lives. What does this refer to?
It's geographical range
Why is it important for population ecologist to know the age structure of a population they are studying
To make accurate predictions
Which of the following would increase in population?
increase birth rate, increased immigration
Under what conditions will population grow exponentially
No predators more food high birth rates
What causes the line to level off in an S curve?
reaching it's exponential curve due to limiting factors
If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of its environment, the
death rate may rise
Which would be least likely to be affected by a density dependent limiting factor
a small, scattered population
What's a limiting factor?
Factors that determine the growth of a population
What is a density dependent limiting factor?
limiting factor that depends on population size
Examples of density dependent limiting factors
competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, disease, and stress from overcrowding
Describe conditions that lead to competition in a population
More individuals and less resources
what happens to wolf population when a moose population decreases
It will decrease
What are density independent limiting factors?
Factors that affect all populations, regardless of population, size and density
Examples of density independent limiting factors
unusual weather, seasonal cycles, Natural disasters: hurricanes, floods, volcanoes; Human Activity: damming rivers; clear cutting forests
Which of the following factors that affect populations are biotic
Competition disease, predation, parasitism
What human activities are examples of density independent limiting factors
Intentional forest fires, pollution
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics.
Since the industrial revolution human populations have
grown more rapidly
Demographic transition refers to a shift from
High birthrates and death rates to low birthrates and death rates
Much of the worlds human population is growing exponentially, because
Most countries have not yet completed the demographic transition
What were the limiting factors that control if the human population will increase?
Exceeding carrying capacity, war, famine, and disease
What are the following is most likely to occur if an organisms environment is outside the organisms range of tolerance
The organisms Will fail to reproduce
What does it mean to say that every species has its own range of tolerance?
they have external, factors in which they can survive i.e. Weather, climate.
Major resources needed by plants
Sun, wet soil, rainfall, air, nutrients
Major resources needed by humans
Food, water, shelter, air
What is competition?
Occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time
Why can't two organisms computer if they live in different habitats
They aren't using the same resources
What is the competitive exclusion principle?
no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
How competitors affect a community
They feed on animals
What does a herbivore refer to?
Animal feeding on a producer
Keystone species
A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem
Symbiosis
A close relationship between two species
Mutualism
A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
Parasitism
A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
Commensalism
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
Pioneer species
First species to populate an area during primary succession
Ecological succession
series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance
Difference between primary and secondary succession
Secondary succession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces.
Natural disturbances to succession
Wildlife hurricane tornado
Human caused the service of succession
Human cause, fires, deforestation, building houses
Climax community
A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species over time final stage of succession, not always uniform
Biodiversity
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Buffering ecosystem
A salt and marsh that helps prevent flooding of a coastal town
Ecosystem diversity
Variety of habitats communities, and ecological processes in biosphere
Species diversity
Number of different species in the biosphere or particular area
Genetic diversity
Variety of jeans or genetic information in a population or in all living organisms
Ecosystem services
Number and variety of species in an ecosystem can influence that ecosystem, stability, productivity, and value to humans
What describes the resilience of an ecosystem?
natural or human systems, ability to recover after a disturbance
how do humans negatively impact biodiversity?
Hunting, deforestation, over fishing
how did humans possibly impact biodiversity?
agriculture and medicine
An ecological footprint
estimates the total land area required to support a particular person or human population
Anthropocene
the modern geological era during which humans have dramatically affected the environment 1950- now
Which of the following would have the least adverse effect on the environment?
Building apartments at the site of an abandoned factory in the city
how does an Anthrone differ from a biome?
anthem is altered by humans
How does the average Americans environmental footprint compared to global average?
Over four times larger
Why is current era called Anthropocene?
human activity is major cause of global change anthropo - man cene- new
What term describes measurable, long-term changes in averages of temperature? Clouds wins precipitation in the frequency of extreme weather events
Climate change
All the following cause global change, except
Habitat, preservation
Examples of things that cause global change
Biological magnification of toxic compounds, habitat, fragmentation, deforestation
Introducing an exotic species to an environment can
Cause native species to die out
DDT was banned for use in United States because over the long run it is
Subject to biological magnification
Global warming
An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (especially a sustained increase that causes climatic changes)
Deforestation
Destruction of forests
Invasive species
plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native
Pollutant
harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water
Ozone layer
Protective layer in atmosphere that shields earth from UV radiation.
Smog
fog or haze combined with smoke and other atmospheric pollutants.
Biological magnification
increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as traffic levels in a food chain or food webs increase
Which pollutant is major cause of global change
CO2
advantages of monoculture farming
Increases efficiency of planting and harvesting
Disadvantages of monoculture farming
harms environment, increased risk of disease
What steps can be taken to reduce the problem of smog?
Public transit, driving cars, less, getting fuel in cooler weather
Major cause of global warming
burning fossil fuels
Air and water pollution have been reduced by
using only unleaded gasoline
what was the effect on the environment of banning chlorofluorocarbons?
Prevented increase in global warming
What are chlorofluorocarbons
a family of chemical compounds containing chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
In what ways does global warming affect food production?
Changes in precipitation and changes in extreme weather
Identify some areas, most likely to be impacted by the effects of global warming
Area surrounded by oceans, hurricanes, dry areas, wildfires
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
Trees, wind
Using resources in ways that do not cause long-term environmental degration is called
sustainable development
Nonrenewable resources
Oil, natural gas, coal
The ability of a city to rebuild after a natural disaster
Resilience
How can solar energy contribute to a sustainable development program?
it preserves ecosystem and causes no long-term harm
What is the scientific importance of the United Nations sustainable development goals
You can survive, environmental, stressors like drugs, floods, storms, and heat waves, or cold snaps
how does resilience compliment sustainability?
A resilient environment can create a more sustainable environment
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