VFL 6 - Roaring Twenties

All the names in orange fall under #26: "Have an understanding of the names in chapter 13" back in my day i was part of the ohio gang give me a 5 star review pls i beg its all i have

Roaring Twenties

The 1920s - a decade with rapid economic growth, social change, desire for normality, and fear of communism & foreigners. It also launched an era of modern consumerism

Return to Normalcy

A return to the simpler days before the progressive era and the Great War (WW1) with a common policy of isolationism. Also described as peaceful living

Nativism

Prejudice against foreign-born people

Isolationism

A policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs

Communism

An economic and political system based on a single-party government ruled by a dictatorship

Anarchists

People who opposed any form of government

Sacco & Vanzetti

Italian immigrants and anarchists who were unfairly arrested and charged with the robbery and murder of a factory paymaster and his guard in Massachusetts. Both were sentenced to death

Quota System

A system established the maximum number of people who could enter the US from foreign countries; the goal was to sharply cut European immigration

John L. Lewis

The new leader of United Mine Workers of America in 1919. Called for a protest on November 1st, 1919 which eventually gave workers a 27% wage increase

Warren G. Harding

An Ohio senator who became president in 1921 and wanted “normalcy”. One of the least successful presidents who made poor decisions

Teapot Dome Scandal

A scandal in which Albert B. Fall took the oil reserves from the navy and secretly leased the land to two private oil companies in return for money and land

Albert B. Fall

Created the Teapot Dome Scandal and was secretary of the Interior who was arrested for bribery after the Teapot Dome Scandal. 1st American convicted of a felony while holding a cabinet post

Ohio Gang

A group of close friends and political supporters who President Harding appointed to his cabinet and caused an embarrassment. Poker-playing cronies

Calvin Coolidge

Pro-business (laissez-faire) 30th president who was President Harding’s vice president. Favored lower taxes, more business profits, and placed high tariffs on foreign imports

Installment Plan

An arrangement that allowed people to buy goods over an extended period of time, without having to put down as much money at the time of purchase

Prohibition

An era where the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages were legally prohibited (banned)

Speakeasies

Underground hidden saloons and nightclubs where drinkers went to obtain liquor illegally

Tin Pan Alley

A popular music publishing center of the world between 1885 and the 1920s in New York City

Bootleggers

A person that smuggled alcohol into the US from Canada, Cuba, and the west indies during prohibition

Fundamentalism

The Protestant movement grounded in a literal (nonsymbolic) interpretation of the Bible

Clarence Darrow

One of the most famous lawyers of his time who was hired to defend John T. Scopes in the Scopes Trial

Scopes “Monkey” Trial

A sensational 1925 court case involving biology teacher John T. Scopes who was tried for challenging a Tennessee law outlawing the teaching of evolution; disputed the role of science & religion in public schools

Flapper

An emancipated/free-thinking young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the 1920s

Charles A. Lindbergh

A small town American pilot who made the 1st non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean

Harlem Renaissance

A literacy and artistic movement celebrating African American culture

George Gershwin

A concert music composer who merged traditional elements with American jazz, creating a new sound that was identifiably American

Georgia O’Keeffe

A painter that produced intensely colored canvases that captured the grandeur of New York

Sinclair Lewis

The first American to win a Nobel Prize in literature; wrote the book Babbitt

F. Scott Fitzgerald

A Minnesotan novelist who wrote This Side of Paradise & The Great Gatsby and coined the term “Jazz Age” to describe the 1920s

Edna St. Vincent Millay

Wrote poems celebrating youth and a life of independence and freedom from traditional constraints

Ernest Hemingway

The best-known immigrant author who wrote The Sun Also Rises & A Farewell to Arms; he criticized the glorification of war and introduced a tough, simplified style of writing that set a new literary standard

Zora Neale Hurston

Spent time with a traveling theater company, attended Howard University, and lived in New York, where she struggled to the top of the African-American literary society

James Weldon Johnson

Poet, lawyer, and NAACP executive secretary

Marcus Garvey

An immigrant from Jamaica who believed that African Americans should build a separate society. Founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Claude McKay

A novelist, poet, and Jamaican immigrant who was a major figure whose bold poems urged African Americans to resist prejudice and discrimination

Langston Hughes

The Harlem Renaissance’s best-known poet whose poems described the difficult lives of working-class African Americans

Paul Robeson

A major dramatic actor whose performance in Shakespeare’s Othello was widely praised

Louis Armstrong

The most important and influential musician in the history of jazz. A young trumpet player who joined the Creole Jazz Band

Duke Ellington

A jazz pianist and composer, renowned as one of America’s greatest composers, with pieces like “Mood Indigo” & “Sophisticated Lady”

Bessie Smith

A female blues singer who was perhaps the outstanding vocalist of the decade and became the highest-paid black artist in the world