historical globalization figures

key takeaways:

• establishing important and new trazde routes
• exchanges of knowledge and culture
• exploration improved geography knowledge
• technological advances (ships, cartogrophy)
• contact with canada’s native people
• new colonies and settlements
• most voyages were to find a sea route to asia, most of them failed their orginal mission

{{timeline{{

%%marco polo 1270 italy%%

trade

• established new trade routes in between europe and asia
• descriptions of the wealth in asia encouraged european merchants to establish trade relationships

knowledge exchange

• his accounts of travels provided europeans with knowledge of asia
  • cultures, customs, technologies
• helped to foster communication and understanding between different parts of the world

exploration

• inspired other explorers to seek out new lands and cultures

cultural exchange

• greater exchange of ideas and culture between europe and asia
• asian food, clothing → europe
• european art, music, lit., → asia

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%%bartholemeu dias 1481-1500 portugal “failed”%%

• exploration of the african coast
• tasked by the portuguese king to find a sea route to india
• exploration of new trade routes
• expansion of portuguese influence
• navigation and cartography

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%%christopher columbus 1492 spain “failed”%%

• tried to find a route to the spice island
• thought he was in india
• first to successfully sail the atlantic ocean
• started a part of the slave trade
• exploration of new territories
• caribbean, central and south america
• 1492 → find a western trade route to asia
• landed in the bahamas
• expanded european influence
• colonization of the new world
• technological advancements
• cultural exchange

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%%john cabot 1496-1498 england “failed”%%

• sailed to modern day newfoundland trying to find a route to asia

• recognized the importance of the abundant fish, opening it up to fishermen and traders

• feud with the french over claims of the new world

• first recorded european exploration of north america (1497) since the vikings

• second voyage → claimed land for england

• saw a french fleet off the newfoundland coast

• helped establish english claims to north america

• opened up new trade routes

• advanced geographic knowledge and cartography

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%%vasco de gama 1497-99 portugal succeeded%%

• tried to find a route to india
• first european to reach india by sea
• met with hostility but he managed to secure a trade relation
• opened up a sea route between europe and india bypassing the overland routes
• allowed portuguese traders to establish lucrative trade and become a major maritime power
• direct trade route between europe and asia
• transformed the global economy
• inspired others to embark on voyages, furthering globalization

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%%hernando cortez 1519-1521 spain succeeded%%

• went to mexico to find gold
• wanted to create new spain
• found the aztec civilization
• put himself at the top and overthrew them with the help of neighbouring tribes and enemies
• allowed spain to establish a major colonial presence in the new world
• paved the way for the colonization of the americas
• european diseases, weapons, technology decimated native populations
• conversion of religious people, spanish culture and language
• wealth brought back to spain fueled dominance
• financed economic expansion

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%%francisco pizzaro 1524-1528 spain succeeded%%

• conquered the inca empire
• brought gold and silver to spain
• established spanish dominance

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%%jaques cartier french 1534-1541 failed%%

• establish french claims in canada

• new trade routes

• economic expansion

• furs and fish

• unable to find a route to asia through canada

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%%martin frobisher england 1576-1578 failed%%

• wanted to find northwest passage to india

• found baffin island and frobisher bay

• increased knowledge of the arctic region

• fish,fur, minerals

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%%sir walter raleigh 1585 england failed%%

• gold in el dorado
• colonized for the english
• resource acquisition

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[[cartier[[

first voyage: 1534

• funded operation
• to find a western passage to asia
• gold or diamonds
• settlement land
• farmland
• made contact with the native people (beothuks)
• newfoundland has horrible land
• settled because of the abundance of fish
• mikmak and iroquois
• claimed land for the french
• took the iroquois chiefs sons to france

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second voyage: 1535

• funded again this time bigger
• went to where present day quebec is
• sons reunited with their father
• went to niagra falls for riches
• took the iroquois chief (donnacona) and others to bring to france

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third voyage: 1541

• iroquois he captured had died
• iroquois were hostile so he did not build a settlement near them
• began collecting stones that they thought were valuable
• hostilities broke out between the french and the iroquois
• french aggravated tensions between native groups to get allies
• huron and algonquin vs iroquois

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settling north america

• waste of money
• winters bad
• natives hostile
• rapids bad
• did not find the way to india

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left behind

• way to access the inside of north america
• tensions with the iroquois
• name of canada
• building blocks of new france
• maps, drawings

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<<champlain<<

• arrived in nova scotia in :1604
• wanted to develop a fur trade industry
• fur trade was already established in the region
• wanted to establish permanent french settlements in the region
• introduced “castor gras d’hiver” and “castor sec” to distinguish between qualities of the furs
• established a settlement at quebec in 1608
• played a role in the conflict between the french and the iroquois
• shot and killed the chief

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