key takeaways:

• establishing important and new trazde routes

• exchanges of knowledge and culture

• exploration improved geography knowledge

• technological advances (ships, cartogrophy)

• contact with canada’s native people

• new colonies and settlements

• most voyages were to find a sea route to asia, most of them failed their orginal mission

timeline

marco polo 1270 italy

trade

• established new trade routes in between europe and asia

• descriptions of the wealth in asia encouraged european merchants to establish trade relationships

knowledge exchange

• his accounts of travels provided europeans with knowledge of asia

  • cultures, customs, technologies

• helped to foster communication and understanding between different parts of the world

exploration

• inspired other explorers to seek out new lands and cultures

cultural exchange

• greater exchange of ideas and culture between europe and asia

• asian food, clothing → europe

• european art, music, lit., → asia

bartholemeu dias 1481-1500 portugal “failed”

• exploration of the african coast

• tasked by the portuguese king to find a sea route to india

• exploration of new trade routes

• expansion of portuguese influence

• navigation and cartography

christopher columbus 1492 spain “failed”

• tried to find a route to the spice island

• thought he was in india

• first to successfully sail the atlantic ocean

• started a part of the slave trade

• exploration of new territories

• caribbean, central and south america

• 1492 → find a western trade route to asia

• landed in the bahamas

• expanded european influence

• colonization of the new world

• technological advancements

• cultural exchange

john cabot 1496-1498 england “failed”

• sailed to modern day newfoundland trying to find a route to asia

• recognized the importance of the abundant fish, opening it up to fishermen and traders

• feud with the french over claims of the new world

• first recorded european exploration of north america (1497) since the vikings

• second voyage → claimed land for england

• saw a french fleet off the newfoundland coast

• helped establish english claims to north america

• opened up new trade routes

• advanced geographic knowledge and cartography

vasco de gama 1497-99 portugal succeeded

• tried to find a route to india

• first european to reach india by sea

• met with hostility but he managed to secure a trade relation

• opened up a sea route between europe and india bypassing the overland routes

• allowed portuguese traders to establish lucrative trade and become a major maritime power

• direct trade route between europe and asia

• transformed the global economy

• inspired others to embark on voyages, furthering globalization

hernando cortez 1519-1521 spain succeeded

• went to mexico to find gold

• wanted to create new spain

• found the aztec civilization

• put himself at the top and overthrew them with the help of neighbouring tribes and enemies

• allowed spain to establish a major colonial presence in the new world

• paved the way for the colonization of the americas

• european diseases, weapons, technology decimated native populations

• conversion of religious people, spanish culture and language

• wealth brought back to spain fueled dominance

• financed economic expansion

francisco pizzaro 1524-1528 spain succeeded

• conquered the inca empire

• brought gold and silver to spain

• established spanish dominance

jaques cartier french 1534-1541 failed

• establish french claims in canada

• new trade routes

• economic expansion

• furs and fish

• unable to find a route to asia through canada

martin frobisher england 1576-1578 failed

• wanted to find northwest passage to india

• found baffin island and frobisher bay

• increased knowledge of the arctic region

• fish,fur, minerals

sir walter raleigh 1585 england failed

• gold in el dorado

• colonized for the english

• resource acquisition

cartier

first voyage: 1534

• funded operation

• to find a western passage to asia

• gold or diamonds

• settlement land

• farmland

• made contact with the native people (beothuks)

• newfoundland has horrible land

• settled because of the abundance of fish

• mikmak and iroquois

• claimed land for the french

• took the iroquois chiefs sons to france

second voyage: 1535

• funded again this time bigger

• went to where present day quebec is

• sons reunited with their father

• went to niagra falls for riches

• took the iroquois chief (donnacona) and others to bring to france

third voyage: 1541

• iroquois he captured had died

• iroquois were hostile so he did not build a settlement near them

• began collecting stones that they thought were valuable

• hostilities broke out between the french and the iroquois

• french aggravated tensions between native groups to get allies

• huron and algonquin vs iroquois

settling north america

• waste of money

• winters bad

• natives hostile

• rapids bad

• did not find the way to india

left behind

• way to access the inside of north america

• tensions with the iroquois

• name of canada

• building blocks of new france

• maps, drawings

champlain

• arrived in nova scotia in :1604

• wanted to develop a fur trade industry

• fur trade was already established in the region

• wanted to establish permanent french settlements in the region

• introduced “castor gras d’hiver” and “castor sec” to distinguish between qualities of the furs

• established a settlement at quebec in 1608

• played a role in the conflict between the french and the iroquois

• shot and killed the chief