key takeaways:
- establishing important and new trazde routes
- exchanges of knowledge and culture
- exploration improved geography knowledge
- technological advances (ships, cartogrophy)
- contact with canada’s native people
- new colonies and settlements
- most voyages were to find a sea route to asia, most of them failed their orginal mission
{{timeline{{
%%marco polo 1270 italy%%
trade
- established new trade routes in between europe and asia
- descriptions of the wealth in asia encouraged european merchants to establish trade relationships
knowledge exchange
- his accounts of travels provided europeans with knowledge of asia
- cultures, customs, technologies
- helped to foster communication and understanding between different parts of the world
exploration
- inspired other explorers to seek out new lands and cultures
cultural exchange
- greater exchange of ideas and culture between europe and asia
- asian food, clothing → europe
- european art, music, lit., → asia
%%bartholemeu dias 1481-1500 portugal “failed”%%
- exploration of the african coast
- tasked by the portuguese king to find a sea route to india
- exploration of new trade routes
- expansion of portuguese influence
- navigation and cartography
%%christopher columbus 1492 spain “failed”%%
- tried to find a route to the spice island
- thought he was in india
- first to successfully sail the atlantic ocean
- started a part of the slave trade
- exploration of new territories
- caribbean, central and south america
- 1492 → find a western trade route to asia
- landed in the bahamas
- expanded european influence
- colonization of the new world
- technological advancements
- cultural exchange
%%john cabot 1496-1498 england “failed”%%
- sailed to modern day newfoundland trying to find a route to asia
- recognized the importance of the abundant fish, opening it up to fishermen and traders
- feud with the french over claims of the new world
- first recorded european exploration of north america (1497) since the vikings
- second voyage → claimed land for england
- saw a french fleet off the newfoundland coast
- helped establish english claims to north america
- opened up new trade routes
- advanced geographic knowledge and cartography
%%vasco de gama 1497-99 portugal succeeded%%
- tried to find a route to india
- first european to reach india by sea
- met with hostility but he managed to secure a trade relation
- opened up a sea route between europe and india bypassing the overland routes
- allowed portuguese traders to establish lucrative trade and become a major maritime power
- direct trade route between europe and asia
- transformed the global economy
- inspired others to embark on voyages, furthering globalization
%%hernando cortez 1519-1521 spain succeeded%%
- went to mexico to find gold
- wanted to create new spain
- found the aztec civilization
- put himself at the top and overthrew them with the help of neighbouring tribes and enemies
- allowed spain to establish a major colonial presence in the new world
- paved the way for the colonization of the americas
- european diseases, weapons, technology decimated native populations
- conversion of religious people, spanish culture and language
- wealth brought back to spain fueled dominance
- financed economic expansion
%%francisco pizzaro 1524-1528 spain succeeded%%
- conquered the inca empire
- brought gold and silver to spain
- established spanish dominance
%%jaques cartier french 1534-1541 failed%%
- establish french claims in canada
- new trade routes
- economic expansion
- furs and fish
- unable to find a route to asia through canada
%%martin frobisher england 1576-1578 failed%%
- wanted to find northwest passage to india
- found baffin island and frobisher bay
- increased knowledge of the arctic region
- fish,fur, minerals
%%sir walter raleigh 1585 england failed%%
- gold in el dorado
- colonized for the english
- resource acquisition
[[cartier[[
first voyage: 1534
- funded operation
- to find a western passage to asia
- gold or diamonds
- settlement land
- farmland
- made contact with the native people (beothuks)
- newfoundland has horrible land
- settled because of the abundance of fish
- mikmak and iroquois
- claimed land for the french
- took the iroquois chiefs sons to france
second voyage: 1535
- funded again this time bigger
- went to where present day quebec is
- sons reunited with their father
- went to niagra falls for riches
- took the iroquois chief (donnacona) and others to bring to france
third voyage: 1541
- iroquois he captured had died
- iroquois were hostile so he did not build a settlement near them
- began collecting stones that they thought were valuable
- hostilities broke out between the french and the iroquois
- french aggravated tensions between native groups to get allies
- huron and algonquin vs iroquois
settling north america
- waste of money
- winters bad
- natives hostile
- rapids bad
- did not find the way to india
left behind
- way to access the inside of north america
- tensions with the iroquois
- name of canada
- building blocks of new france
- maps, drawings
<<champlain<<
- arrived in nova scotia in :1604
- wanted to develop a fur trade industry
- fur trade was already established in the region
- wanted to establish permanent french settlements in the region
- introduced “castor gras d’hiver” and “castor sec” to distinguish between qualities of the furs
- established a settlement at quebec in 1608
- played a role in the conflict between the french and the iroquois
- shot and killed the chief