US History Fall Final Review

13th Amendment

Abolishment of slavery

14th Amendment

Granted freedmen citizenship and full protection of the laws, abolishment of 3/5 rule

15th Amendment

Granted African american men the right to vote

16th Amendment

Allows government to collect federal income tax

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators

18th Amendment

Prohibition

19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage

21st Amendment

repealed prohibition

Al Capone

Gangster/crime boss who was arrested for tax evasion

Alexander Graham Bell

patented first practical telephone

Carpetbaggers

northerners who moved to the south

Scalawags

southerners who supported the new governments

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman empire

Consequences of Reconstruction

good - Blacks gained more rights bad - KKK, Black codes

Direct democracy

When the public is directly involved in voting, no representatives. Ex. Ancient Athens, progressives

Espionage and Sedition Acts

made it a criminal offense to criticize the war effort

Freedmen’s Bureau

established by congress to help slaves and refugees. It provided food, housing, medical aid, established schools and hospitals, and helped with the black codes and land settlements.

Fundamentalists vs Modernists

each raged over doctrine in schools. Fundamentalists believed that evolution being taught would corrupt people while modernists believed that children should make their own decisions.

Gilded age

positives - economy and business grew, standard of living improved, labor unions, and evangelism grew. negatives - immigration controversy, darwinism grew, materialism, and U.S. debt

Hiram revels

the first black U.S. Senator

Interstate Commerce Act

regulated railroads so that railroad rates were reasonable and just, and it also required the rates to be public

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Outlawed war - couldn’t be enforced

KKK

Klu Klux Klan, targeted blacks and white republicans during the reconstruction. In the 1920s the Klan was revived from fear f immigrants and African Americans. Attracted middle class protestants.

McKinley Tariff

increased the tax rate of foreign products, lowered government income due to decrease in trade

Open Door Policy

John Hay, called for free trade in China preventing any one nation controlling trade in China

Pendleton Act

federal government jobs could be given through merit and exams to eliminate discrimination

Reconstruction

Began after the civil war, the compromise of 1877 in which troops were removed in the south, marked the end of the reconstruction era. The reconstruction helped with civil rights, but the south was still healing.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Military occupied the south, gave black people the right to vote and hold office, states had to submit new constitutions for approval, ratified 14th amendment

Robber Barons

aggressive and cost-efficient business men, Andrew Carnegie, JP Morgan, John Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt.

Andrew Carnegie

Steel industry, believed in philanthropy

JP Morgan

Finance/Investment banker, bought companies to reorganize them

John Rockefeller

oil refining industry, lowered prices which made him control 90% of the industry

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Shipping industry

Rough Riders

led by Theodore Roosevelt, Battle of San Juan Hill

Red Scare

The fear of communists rising, and the Bolshevik Revolution led to the Red Scare. Sacco and Vanzetti were anarchists who were “guilty” of murder. They personified the targets of the Red Scare.

Sharecropping

a system where the landlord allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop. Often got trapped in debt.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

power to regulate business, mader certain practices and monopolizing illegal, relatively ineffective

Spanish-American War

Began from Yellow journalism, de lome letter (spanish ambassador denounces McKinley) , and sinking of the USS Maine. The Battle of Santiago Bay was the end of it. American gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines - U.S. recognized as a world power.

Start of WW1

Archduke Ferdinand’s assassination, Germany sinking the Lusitania, the zimmermann telegram

The Jungle

written by Upton Sinclair, describes the meat packing industry

Thomas Edison

light bulb, phonograph, motion picture camera

Treaty of Versailles

Ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied powers, failed to ratify because of its harsh and unrealistic expectations for Germany

Triple Entente

Alliance between Russia, France and Britain

Vertical integration

controlled all aspects of production from the mine to the market (steel industry)

Horizontal integration

controlled an entire segment of an industry (oil refining)

Wilson’s 14 points

Wilson’s plan for world peace,

American Foreign Policy

isolationism, wanted to maintain world peace, and stabilize world economy