AP ENGLISH IV VOCAB EXAM STUDY GUIDE

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Abstract

typically complex, discusses intangible qualities like good and evil, and seldom uses examples to support its points

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Academic

Dry and theoretical writing

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Accent

the stressed portion of a word. Often a matter of opinion in poetry

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aesthetic

Appealing to the senses. Synonymous with artistic judgement. Plural form is study of beauty

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Allegory

a story where each aspect has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself

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Alliteration

Repetition of initial consonant sounds

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Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

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anachronism

something out of place in time

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Analogy

A comparison of two different things that are symbolic in some way

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anecdote

a short narrative

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antecedent

The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.

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Anthropomorphism

When inanimate objects are given human characteristics. Often confused with personification.

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anticlimax

when an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect

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Antihero

A protagonist (main character) who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, or any number of other unsavory qualities.

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Aphorism

A short and usually witty saying

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Apostrophe

A figure of speech wherein the speaker talks directly to something that is nonhuman

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Archaism

The use of deliberately old-fashioned language. Used to give feeling of antiquity

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Aside

A speech (usually just a short comment) made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage.

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aspect

A trait or characteristic

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Assonance

The repeated use of vowel sounds

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Atmosphere

The emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene

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Ballad

a long, narrative poem, usually in very regular meter and rhyme. Has a naive folksy quality which separates it from epic poetry

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Bathos, Pathos

When the writing of a scene evokes feelings of dignified pity and sympathy, pathos is at work. When writing strains for grandeur it can't support and tries to jerk tears from every little hiccup, that's bathos.

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Black Humor

The use of disturbing themes in comedy.

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Bombast

This is pretentious, exaggeratedly learned language.

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Burlesque

a broad parody, one that takes a style or a form such as tragic drama and exaggerates it into ridiculousness. Interchangeable with parody.

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cacophony

deliberately harsh, awkward sounds

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Cadence

the beat or rhythm of poetry in a general sense

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Canto

The name for a section division in a long work of poetry. Similar to how chapters divide a book.

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caricature

A portrait (verbal or otherwise) that exaggerates a facet of personality.

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Catharsis

A term used by Aristotle to describe some sort of emotional release experienced by the audience at the end of a successful tragedy

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Chorus

the group of citizens who stand outside the main action on stage and comment on it

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Classic

Typical, or an accepted masterpiece. Don't confuse with classical

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coinage(neologism)

A new word, usually one invented on the spot.

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Colloquialism

A word or phrase used in everyday conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "school-book" English.

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Complex/Dense

Suggesting that there is more than one possibility in the meaning of words; subtleties and variations; multiple layers of interpretation; meaning both explicit and implicit

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Conceit (Controlling Image)

A startling or unusual metaphor, or to a metaphor developed and expanded upon several lines.

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Connotation/Denotation

The denotation of a word is its dictionary definition. The connotation of a word is its emotional content.

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Consonance

Repetition of a consonant sound within words.

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couplet

A pair of lines that end in rhyme

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