ancient egypt

social studies

Nile river

the river the ancient Egyptians settled around it flows south to north into the mediterranean sea

irrigation system

a way of supplying water to an area of land

natural barriers

deserts Sahara eastern and western mountains or bodies of water Mediterranean sea red sea cataracts that create barriers from invasion

mummification

embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy

gift of the Nile

egypt was called this because it would not have existed without the nile

the Nile flooding

was a predictable annual event that the egyptians used to plan their farming and calendars

hieroglyphics

an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

polytheistic

beliving in many gods and goddesses

sahara desert

largest desert in the world located west of the Nile river

shadoof or shaduf

a bucket attached to a long pole used to lift water from the Nile to the basins

delta

a landform where a river splits off into a number of streams that fan out over an area of fertile soil before emptying into a larger body of water

papyrus

a reed plant that grew along the nile river and was used to make baskets sandles river rafts and paper

menes

an Egyptian king who unified upper and lower egypt

egyptian social classes

shaped like a pyramid pharaoh at the top then priests and nobles then traders followed by artisans shopkeepers and scribes in the middle then farmers and herders then unskilled workers at the bottom

pyramids

mountains like tombs the size of several city blocks made for egyptian pharaohs entirely out of stone desighned to protect the pharaohs body from floods wild animals and grave robbers

upper egypt

on a map of ancient egypt this would have been located in the south due to elevation

lower egypt

on a map of ancient egypt this would have been located in the north due to elevation

hatshepsut

she was a new kingdom pharaoh that took power when her husband died leaving her the guardian of his son thutmose lll a young child she was the first female pharaoh hatshepsut claimed the throne for herself and the kingdom thrived under her because she found focused on trade instead of war .

polytheism

belief in many gods

kemet

term meaning black land used by ancient Egyptians to describe the dark fretle soil left behind after the flood waters receded.

dynasty

a series of rulers from the same family

pharaoh

title given to the kings of egypt meaning great house believed to be a king and a god.

great sphinx

has the head of a man and the body of a lion built as a game for the sun god RA so he could protect the pharaohs buried In the tombs.

cartouche

an oval shape which a pharaohs name was inscribed in hieroglyphics these are often seen on tomb walls