GEN BIO 1 (Q1) - Lipids to Phospholipids

Lipids

NOT polysaccharides because they are diverse in monomers; only partly mixes with water; mostly hydrocarbon regions = store a lot of energy

Fats

one of the most biologically important type of lipids (starts with F)

steroids

one of the most biologically important type of lipids (starts with S)

Phospholipids

lipids that allow cells to be semi-permeable

glycerol

fat structure with 3-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group

fatty acids

fat structure that has a carboxyl group

triacyglycerol

fatty acids with 3 chains; held up by glycerol group thru ester linkage

dehydrogenase

used for dehydration by triacyglycerol

saturated fat

fat that mostly exists in animals; ex.: butter; has NO double bond

unsaturated fat

fat that are liquids or gases that have looser arrangement; more present in plants and fish

double bond

causes the kink in unsaturated fat; the reason why they can’t stack as easily

hydrogenation

the process of adding a hydrogen molecule to turn an unsaturated fat into a saturated fat

saturated fat

type of fat that is better for processed food because it keeps the oxygen out

trans fat

converted fat

cis confirmation

original form of trans fat

phospholipids

made up of two fatty acids; has its phosphate group attached through a glycerol linkage

glycerol

type of linkage present in the phosphate group of phospholipids

tail

what is the hydrophobic part of phospholipids

phospholipid bilayer

2 layers of phospholipids with a polarity that can allow molecules to go in and out

3

how many carbon glycerol in the central structure of a phospholipid

hydroxyl

3 _ groups has a chemical group each

2

how many hydroxyl groups are attached to fatty acids (the tails)

phosphate group

1 hydroxyl is attached to what kind of group (has a negative charge); has an attached polar or charged group

polar

is water polar or nonpolar

hydropholic

characteristic of the head caused by the negative phosphate with a polar/charged molecule

choline

the positively charged molecule attached to the phosphate; causes one phospholipid to be a phosphotidycholine