family law test 2

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what are the three branches of government?

legislative

executive

judicial

what is bicameral legislative?

2 chambers: senate and house of reps

Who serves as the President of the Senate?

Vice President of the U.S.

Who is the highest ranking Senator of the majority party and serves in the absence of the Vice President?

President Pro Tempore (party with most members)

how is senate divided?

20 standing committees, 68 subcommittees, and 4 joint committees

Who presides over the House and is the leader of the majority party?

Speaker of the House

Number of committees in the house

23 Standing Committees House committees, with 104 subcommittees

Number of senators and representatives in Congress?

435 representatives (re-election every 2 years) & 100 Senators (6 year term)

what are the powers of congress?

Coining money

Maintaining a military

Declaring war on other countries

Regulating interstate and foreign commerce

Elastic Clause

Impeachment

what are the duties of congress?

• write, debate, and pass bills

• investigating pressing national issues

• supervising the executive and judicial branch

What does the House of Representatives consist of?

determined by US census every 10 years

a few delegates from US territories

what are special house duties?

Start laws that involve revenue

Decide if a government official should be put on trial before the Senate if s/he commits a crime against the country.

what are special senate duties?

Confirm or disapprove any treaties the President drafts.

Confirm or disapprove the Presidential appointments

Holds a trial for a Government official

what are exclusive national government powers?

Print money

Regulate interstate and international trade

Make treaties and conduct foreign policy

Declare war

Provide an army and navy

Establish post offices

Make laws

what are exclusive state government powers?

Issue licenses

Regulate intrastate businesses

Conduct elections

Establish local governments

Ratify amendments to the Constitution

Take measures for public health and safety

Exert powers the Constitution does not delegate to the national government or prohibit the states from using

what are concurrent powers of state and national governments?

Collect taxes

Build roads

Borrow money

Establish courts

Make and enforce laws

Charter banks and corporations

Spend money for the general welfare

Take private property for public purposes, with just compensation

What does the President do?

Head of State and Head of Government

Commander-in-Chief of Armed Forces

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Article II of US Constitution

Execution and Enforcement of Laws created by Congress

15 Executive Departments

President's Cabinet- appointed to carry out day-to-day administration of federal government

Other executive agencies (CIA, EPA), and 50 independent federal commissions (Federal Reserve Board), federal judges, ambassadors, etc.

What are the powers of the president?

Has power to sign legislation or veto bills

Congress can override with 2/3 votes

Conducts diplomacy with other nations

Negotiate and sign treaties, but must be ratified by 2/3 Senate

Executive Orders

Pardons and clemencies for federal crimes (except impeachment)

Vice Pres

Replace President if necessary

Serves as President of the Senate

Votes in tie-breaker only

what does the judicial branch do?

• Interprets laws

• Determines if unconstitutional

who can introduce a bill?

only a member of congress

Individual citizens, Special interest groups, Corporations, Non-governmental organizations

Each committee has what?

a chair (from the Majority) and a ranking member (from the minority).

what does pigeonhole a bill mean?

it means it dies in committee

Where is a bill sent once it is passed through the committee?

it is sent to the whole House for debate and vote.

who determines what bills hit the floor and for how long in the house?

the speaker

What is "Committee of the Whole"?

Bills considered by the whole House at once

What happens when the bill goes to the Senate?

A Senate version is written with the letter S. and a number & the bill must be referred to the appropriate standing committee.

What ends the debate of a bill in senate?

3/5 (60%) of the Senate must agree to end debate (this is called "cloture")

How are Differences Between Houses Reconciled?

Each passes own bill, differences ironed out and made into one bill, considered by conference committee, (both House and Senate members), negotiate and compromise and send combined bill back to both houses

A vote on the "conference report" must be taken and passed by both Houses.

where is debate unlimited?

senate

______ vote ends the debate in the senate

3/5

senate rules are________ than the house

weaker

what percentage must be reached to pass a bill

simple majority (51%)

what is a conference committee?

A committee that settles Senate and House differences in bills.

what is a signing statement?

the president signing legislation while also noting how the new law will be interpreted; the president may also express concerns over particular provisions

if a president vetos a bill what else does he have to do ?

He must include his reasons and recommendations for correction.

can sign the bill if he wants it to become law

can include "signing statements" that say how the law should be enforced or if parts will not be enforced

can veto or reject the bill.

what can a president do to make a law?

an executive order

what article discusses the president's role in government?

article 2

how many excutive departments are there?

15

What are the 15 organizations??

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Department of State

Department of Commerce

Department of Transportation (DOT)

Department of Defense (DOD)

Department of Treasury

Department of Education

Department of Veterans Affairs

Department of Energy (DOE)

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Department of the Interior (DOI)

Department of Justice (DOJ)

Department of Labor

what are the 3 qualifications to be president?

35 years old, 14 year resident, natural born citizen

what is the Executive Office of the President (EOP)

Headed by White House Chief of Staff

Shifts as needs shift

Currently over 1800 people

What is a law?

System of rules, regulates actions, enforced by penalties

What are the sources of law?

Local Ordinances - code of laws for municipality (city) or county/paris

Court Cases – past court decisions that influence future legal decisions (sets judicial precedent)

International - laws governing world issues (International treaties)

Constitution - rules from the Constitution (Federal and State)

Statutory - laws created by legislature (U.S. or State Code)

Administrative - laws created by government agencies (Code of Federal Regulations)

What is common law?

A type of law that is established by particular cases

ex: people to read contracts, doctor-patient confidentiality, copyright, and common law marriage

what is statute law?

Written law established by legislature

traffic violations like running a red light and the minimum legal drinking age of 21

what is civil law?

Civil law refers to behavior that causes an injury to an individual or a private party such as a corporation.

Ex: libel, property damage, and negligence that results in personal injuries or death, or malpractice

what is criminal law?

a system of laws concerned with crimes and the punishment of individuals who commit crimes.

ex: burglary, assault, battery and cases of murder

what are the special systems of law?

military and juvenile

what is military law?

Specified is us constitution, enacted uniform code of military justice, final is called court-marshal

What is juvenile law?

Under 18, status offender ( breaking law that doesn't apply to adults ex: drinking, smoking, driving

the supremacy clause

federal law trumps state law

What do courts do?

Settle disputes

Interpret the law

Create expectations for future actions

Federal courts perform judicial review over laws created by Congress and state legislatures, and executive actions

What are the levels of federal courts?

trial, appeal, and supreme

what are trial courts?

District Courts (94 districts; 663 judges)

Hear case for the first time

Both Criminal and Civil

Review evidence and decide facts of case

what are appeals court?

U.S. Court of Appeals or Circuit Courts (13 Circuits)

Don't hear facts; they decide questions of law

Decided by panel of 3 judges

what are supreme courts?

Looks for errors in appeals court

9 Justices

Who influences policy?

Constituents, Political Parties, Interest Groups, Media

What are constituents?

One who authorizes another to act as an agent

Anyone who lives and votes in the area

What is political ideology?

A system of political ideas

Conservativism- limit role of national government

Liberalism- support active government and government intervention to improve the welfare of individuals and to protect civil rights

Progressivism- Alternative term for liberalism

Moderate- middle of the spectrum

What are political parties?

• Group of individuals who organize to win elections, operate the government and determine policy

• Policy generalists

What do political parties

Select candidates

Inform the public

Coordinate policy making,

Check the power of the governing party

balance competing interests

run campaigns

what are interest groups?

individuals sharing common objectives who actively attempt to influence government through direct and indirect methods

what are characteristics of interest groups?

Educate and mobilize ( ex: American cancer society & anti-smoking)

Lobby - go to official, tell them who to vote for ( have to be on a list)

Testify at Congressional Hearings (ex: gun violence)

Engage in litigation in the judicial arena

Monitor government programs (bring court cases like overturning roe v wade)

shape policies - not personnel

gather information for elected officials - may even write bills, especially at state level

what are types of interest groups?

Private- and Public- working for public good (ACLU)

Business (Chamber of Commerce)

Labor (AFL-CIO)

Professional

Agricultural

Consumer

Identity (NAACP)

Ideological (Tea Party/Religious Groups)

Single Issue (MADD)

Government (state and local governments)

how do interest groups influence policy?

1. Direct Lobbying


2. Using the Courts
3. Mobilizing Public Opinion

What is direct lobbying?

attempts by an individual or group to influence a decision-maker directly, such as a legislator or government official, in order to promote or oppose specific legislation or policies.

This can include meetings, phone calls, emails, and other forms of communication aimed at persuading the decision-maker to take a particular action.

What is using the courts?

• bringing suit themselves

• financing suits brought by others

• or filing amicus curiae briefs (friend of court, give info to judge to help make analysis)

What is mobilizing public opinion?

Groups also engage in a kind of "indirect lobbying" whereby they seek to influence policy by "going public" to mobilize public opinion; advertising, protest politics, and grassroots lobbying are all potentially successful means of going public.

what is media?

• set national agendas

• prime candidate characteristics

• frame the issues and events that define the debate can have great effects on election outcomes

what is agenda setting?

(that is, the process by which the media help determine which political issues become part of the public debate); generally other political actors use the media for this purpose, though journalists themselves play important roles

what is priming?

occurs when media coverage affects which of many potential criteria the public uses when it evaluates political leaders or candidates.

ex: joe and trump next round, here about joes age and trumps lies.

what is framing?

the power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted, is a third potent media effect; because the media provide the interpretive lens (or frame) through which the public hears about issues, political elites compete to have their "spin" on the issue become the dominant frame

ex: fed government allows drilling at the cost of wildlife, fed gov is limiting drilling and it’s not enough

what is family advocacy policy?

the aim is to persuade

To campaign for an underrepresented group or a particular policy alternative that has the potential to enhance family well being

what is advocacy?

value oriented

passionate approach

once you become aligned with a certain policy position, credibility compromised

advocacy with a small “a”

drawing policy attention to without lobbying

Advocacy with a big A

lobbying for a single policy option represents

family policy alternative education

• Presenting research and other findings objectively without relaying personal preferences, value judgments, or biases

• Inform policy discourse by clarifying the potential consequences of several policy alternatives

policymakers needs more…

objective and valid info from reliable, unbiased sources

To be credible as an educator

objective, unbiased, dispassionate

Goal: effective with decision-makers of any political persuasion.

careers in family policy

University Involvement in Family Policy Scholarship

Citizen Engagement in Family Policymaking

Teaching of Family Policy

Family Impact Analysis

Family Research Dissemination

Family Research Integration

Research for Family Policy Formulation

Family Policy Implementation

Family Policy Evaluation

research for family policy formation

conducting studies that help policymakers determine whether social action is need

family policy evaluation

assessing whether programs or policies meet their states outcomes

Family research integration

provide concise, comprehensive reviews of research that highlight the most important findings and draw implications for policy

Family research dissemination

distributing evidence broadly with the intent of seeing it used in the policy and public arenas

• Maybe through media

family impact analysis

goes beyond evaluation research by examining how the program goals may be counterproductive by producing negative consequences for families, sometimes in unintended ways

Teaching family policy

• theoretical and conceptual frameworks to think about policymaking in ways that transcend particular issues, advances in scientific knowledge, and shifts in the political climate

• because of its political and value-laden nature, may pose some unique challenges to those who teach it

Citizen engagement

Include public problem solving, such as teaching citizens how to develop problem-solving relationships with others

WHAT OUTCOMES MATTER TO POLICYMAKERS?

interested in the public value of the functions that families perform for the larger society.

WHAT OUTCOMES MATTER TO PROFESSIONALS?

the private value of the functions that families provide for their members and how family members benefit from policies and programs they participate in.

WHAT CONTRIBUTIONS DO FAMILIES MAKE TO SOCIETY?

\-generate productive workers

\- raising caring, committed citizens

\-family policy and programs are efficient investment of resources to reach societal goals

\-effective means of promoting positive child and youth development

what are the 4 societal contributions that can be used as a rationale for promoting families as a fundamental focus of policymaking?

1. Families are a Fundamental Foundation for Generating Productive Workers
2. Families Contribute to the Rearing of Caring, Committed Citizens
3. Family Policies and Programs are an Efficient Investment of Public Resources to Achieve Societal Goals
4. Family Policies and Programs are an Effective Means of Promoting Positive Child and Youth Development

generate productive workers

preschool education is super important - it instills productive workers and helps lessen child poverty

efficient investment of public resources to reach societal goals

Government cannot afford to replace the functions families perform for the benefit of their members and the good of society

effective means of promoting positive child and youth development

programs that focus on family dynamics have proven to be nine times more effective than "youth-only" approaches.

raising caring, committed citizens

Secure attachment relationships predict many qualities that most societies value in their citizenry