Module 4: Passageway to Passenger

Gynecoid

What is the favorable type of pelvis?

Cephalopelvic disproportion

This occurs when the maternal pelvis is not enough to deliver the fetus vaginally.

Relaxin

What hormone helps both the tailbone and symphysis pubis to become more mobile to facilitate birth?

Sutures

What do you call the membranous spaces between the cranial bones that allow for molding?

Molding

It refers to changes in the shape of the fetal skull produced by the force of the uterine contractions pressing the vertex against the not-yet-dilated cervix.

Sagittal suture line

This suture joins the two parietal bones.

Coronal suture line

This suture joins the frontal bone with the two parietal bones.

Lambdoid suture line

This suture joins the occipital bone with the two parietal bones.

Frontal/mitotic suture line

This suture joins the two frontal bones and becomes the anterior continuation of the sagittal suture.

Fontanelles

These refer to the intersections of the cranial sutures.

Anterior fontanelle

This fontanelle is diamond-shaped and facilitates the growth of the brain by remaining unossified for 12-18 months.

Posterior fontanelle

This fontanelle is triangle-shaped and closes within 8-12 weeks/3-4 months.

9.5, 8

Complete the following.

1. Bi-parietal measures __cm.

2. Bi-temporal measures __cm.

Suboccipitobregmatic

It is the narrowest diameter and is from the inferior aspect of the occiput to the center of the anterior fontanelle.

9.5cm

How many cm is the suboccipitobregmatic?

Occipitofrontal

It is measured from the bridge of the nose to the occipital prominence.

12cm

How many cm is the occipitofrontal?

Occipitomental

It is the widest AP diameter and is measured from the chin to the posterior fontanelle.

13.5cm

How many cm is the occipitomental?

Good attitude (well-flexed)

What fetal attitude includes a complete flexion and is advantageous for birth because it presents the smallest AP diameter?

Military position

What fetal attitude involves moderate flexion, wherein the chin is not touching the chest?

Brow and face presentation

What fetal attitude involves partial extension?

Face presentation

What fetal attitude involves a complete extension, resulting in an arched back and extended neck?

Fetal attitude

It describes the degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor.

Fetal lie

It refers to the relationship of the cephalocaudal axis of the fetus to that of the mother.

Fetal presentation

It is determined by the fetal lie and attitude and may be cephalic, breech, or shoulder.

Cephalic presentation

What is the most frequent fetal presentation?

Caput succedaneum

It occurs when the area of the fetal skull that comes in contact with the cervix becomes edematous from the continued pressure against it.

Cephalohematoma

It occurs when the blood is collected between the periosteum of the skull bone and the skull bone itself.

Frank breech position

It involves a moderate attitude, with the hips flexed but the legs are extended to rest on the chest.

Footling breech position

It involves a poor attitude, with neither the lower legs nor thighs flexed.

Fetal position

It refers to the relationship of the presenting part to a specific quadrant of the woman’s pelvis.

Engagement

It refers to the settling of the presenting part at the level of the ischial spine.

Station

It refers to the relationship of the presenting part to the level of the ischial spine, which is palpated at about a finger-length into the vagina.