Biology
norris
kennedy norris
LHC
light harvesting complexes
photosynthesis
light independent reaction
light independent reactions
light dependent reaction
light dependent reactions
cyclic
cyclic light dependent reactions
noncyclic
noncyclic light dependent reactions
C3 plants
C4 plants
CAM plants
plants
producers
photorespiration
University/Undergrad
photosynthesis
metabolic pathway using light to get carbon from CO2 and water
photoautotrophs
get energy from the sun/ photosynthesis
chemoautotrophs
get their energy from other inorganic compounds (not photosynthesis)
light dependent reactions
photosynthesis reaction that needs light to run. produces NADPH
light independent reactions
Calvin Cycle. runs on ATP and NADPH. photosynthesis reaction
chloroplast
a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place
thylakoids
carry out light dependent reactions, membranous disks inside chloroplasts
stroma
carry out light independent actions; fluid inside chloroplast, suspends thylakoids
endosymbiotic theory
chloroplasts come from ancient cyanobacteria
cytoplasm
where light independent reactions are carried out in prokaryotes
Theodor Engelman
discovered sunlight is the driver of photosynthesis. hypothesized light color affects photosynthesis.
Engelman's results
blue and red are best for driving photosynthesis
photon
particle of light
pigment
organic molecule that selectively absorbs light of specific wavelength
photosystem
A large complex of molecules - pigments, proteins, and cofactors embedded in thylakoid membrane
reaction center
The core of the photosystem
special pair
a pair of chlorophylls in the reaction center
photosystem I
p700
photosystem II
p680
Light Harvesting Complexes
Circular array of chlorophylls, accessory pigments, lipids, and proteins; most energy absorbed by photosystems happens here
cyclic light dependent reactions
only uses photosystem I. cyclic photophosphorylation. only produces ATP
ATP synthase
transport protein/ enzyme
electron transfer phosphorylation
any process where flow of electrons through electron transfer chain drives ATP formation
photolysis
breaking apart of molecules by light energy
reducing agent
electron donor
noncyclic light dependent reactions
main pathway in modern photosynthetic organisms. noncyclic electron transfer phosphorylation. produces ATP, NADPH, and Oxygen
strong oxidizer
can pull electrons from other molecules
free radicals
unstable atoms that can destroy cells
light independent reactions
take place in the stroma.
carbon fixation
taking carbon atoms from inorganic molecules (COâ‚‚) to attach them to organic molecules (sugar)
sucrose
main sugar in plants
vascular tissues
veins of the plant
cuticle
thin waterproof layer covering plant. keeps plant from losing water. also keeps gases from moving in or out of the plant
stomata
controls gas exchange . tiny closable pores on a plant
rubisco
most abundant protein on earth
photorespiration
COâ‚‚ needs rubisco for Calvin Cycle but Oâ‚‚ also likes rubisco and wants to steal it from COâ‚‚
C3 plants
fix carbon by the calvin cycle. 85% of modern plants. produces CO2 and ammonia during photorespiration
C4 plants
fix carbon twice. 3% of modern plants. minimizes photorespiration
malate
enzyme that does not use oxygen. fixes carbon
CAM Plants
fix carbon twice. stomata open at night, conserve water, desert plants. 12% of modern plants