2b: Cell structure

studied byStudied by 5 people
5.0(2)
Get a hint
Hint

nucleus

1 / 29

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

30 Terms

1

nucleus

contains genetic material enclosed in a nuclear membrane

New cards
2

cytoplasm

liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur, contains enzymes and organelles

New cards
3

cell membrane

controls what enters and exits the cell

New cards
4

mitochondria

where aerobic respiration occurs, proving energy for the cells

New cards
5

ribosomes

site of protein synthesis within the rough endoplasmic reticulum

New cards
6

chloroplasts

site of photosynthesis containing chlorophyll

New cards
7

permanent vacuole

contains cell sap, found within cytoplasm and improves cell rigidity

New cards
8

cell wall

a wall of cellulose that provides strength to the cell

New cards
9

which of these is found ONLY in animal cells?

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

New cards
10

which of these is found ONLY in plant cells?

chloroplasts, permanent vacuole, cell wall

New cards
11

specialised cells

cells that have developed certain characteristics to carry out particular functions

New cards
12

how do cells specialise?

they undergo differentiation

New cards
13

differentiation

process involving the cell gaining new sub-cellular structures for it to be suited to its role

New cards
14

differentiation in animals

mostly only once

New cards
15

differentiation in plants

most cells can retain this ability

New cards
16

specialised cells in animals

  • sperm cells

  • nerve cells

  • muscle cells

New cards
17

sperm cells

function: carry male's DNA to the egg cell for reproduction

  • streamlined head and long tail for swimming

  • many mitochondria to supply energy to move

  • acrosome with digestive enzymes to break down outer layers of egg cell

New cards
18

nerve cells

function: transmit signals from one place to another in the body

New cards
19

muscle cells

function: specialise to contract and expand quickly

New cards
20

specialised cells in plants

  • root hair cells

  • xylem cells

  • phloem cells

New cards
21

root hair cells

function: take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport

  • large surface area for more absorption

  • permanent vacuole to speed up movement

  • mitochondria for energy for active transport

New cards
22

xylem cells

function: transports water and mineral ions from roots to shoots

New cards
23

phloem cells

function: carries products of photosynthesis to all parts of the plant

New cards
24

stem cell

undifferentiated cell that can undergo division to produce many similar cells

New cards
25

types of stem cells

  • embryonic

  • adult stem cells

  • meristems (plants)

New cards
26

embryonic stem cells

  • form when egg and sperm fuse to form zygote

  • can differentiate into any type of cell

  • can be cloned

  • could replace insulin-producing cells

New cards
27

adult stem cells

if found in bone marrow can form many types of cells

New cards
28

meristems

  • found in root and shoot tips

  • can differentiate into any type of plant

  • can differentiate throughout plant life

  • can be used to make plant clones

New cards
29

benefits of stem cells in medicine

  • replace damage cells

  • bone marrow transplants (treat blood cell cancers)

  • can grow organs for transplant

  • no rejection (if made from patient)

  • allows testing without animals

New cards
30

risks of stem cells in medicine

  • ethical issues (unused embryos)

  • no guarantee of success

  • possible long term effects

  • mutations

  • difficult to find donors

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 94 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 60 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13150 people
Updated ... ago
4.8 Stars(48)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard158 terms
studied byStudied by 6 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard129 terms
studied byStudied by 13 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard110 terms
studied byStudied by 8 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard47 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard25 terms
studied byStudied by 19 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard22 terms
studied byStudied by 22 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard51 terms
studied byStudied by 29 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard202 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)