Psychology- Ch 3 test

What happens to an embryo if it does not successfully implant into the wall of the mother's uterus following fertilization?

If implantation does not occur, then the embryo will result in a miscarriage.

Why does brain death occur if a patient experiences trauma to the medulla?

Medulla is responsible for overseeing all vital life functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing so the medulla has no activity within it, then the patient will be legally brain dead.

Synapses are located between:

The gap of an axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.

What is the autonomic nervous system?

The system responsible for regulating the body's vital functions.

Why are cortical steroids needed by the sympathetic nervous system?

Prepares the body for a stressful encounter.

Why does the portion of the brain impacted by a stroke experience neural death?

A stroke restricts oxygen-rich blood from reaching that portion of the brain

Why is oxytocin known as the "attachment hormone?"

allows for mother-baby bonding

Differentiate between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Sympathetic nervous system: triggers the release of adrenaline to prepare for a stressful situation.

Parasympathetic nervous system: triggers the release of noradrenaline to bring the body back to a state of rest after the stressful encounter.

Function of the medulla

power station of the brain responsible for heart rate and other vital processes

Function of the pons

regulates body movement, attention, and establishes sleep patterns

Function of the cerebellum

this portion of the hind brain is responsible for balance and coordination

Function of the thalamus

relay station, sends sensory information between nerves and sensory organs using basal ganglia

Function of the hypothalamus

pleasure center, notifying the body of hunger, motivation and oversees sexual behavior

Function of the cerebral cortex

think, rationalization, and perception center under developed until age 19

function of corpus callosum

connects the two hemispheres of the brain to allow for neural messages to be sent back and forth

Why is a kinship study involving the adoption of identical twins unethical?

The best kinship study would be to separate identical twins and study the influence of nature versus nurture in a longitudinal study.

In what part of the female body is an egg produced?

Ovary

What is the duty of the cervix during pregnancy?

holds the baby in the uterus

Why is a high concentration of progesterone in the woman's bloodstream necessary soon after fertilization of the egg takes place?

lowers acidity of uterus to allow for implantation of the embryo in the lining

What hormone begins the production of breast milk?

Prolactin

What is the duty of the vas deferens?

transports semen from the testes to the penis

Function of the pituitary gland?

produces hormones

Function of the thyroid gland?

metabolism

___ produces the steroid testosterone in males.

testes

What medical condition results from the brain making contact with the skull causing a contusion on the brain?

concussion

Why does the corpus callosum have to be surgically severed in some patients with seizure disorder?

too many neural messages

Too many messages traveling over the corpus callosum can cause the disorder of ___.

Epilepsy

Why would a person possibly get queasy or nauseous before a stressful event?

sympathetic nervous system triggers release if adrenaline to stop digestion

Putting on a hoodie because your arms are cold is an example of the ___ at work.

Somatic nervous system

A patient has to receive an I-V of radioactive solution containing sugar for a medical test to be conducted. The test results display a small mass embedded within the cerebrum which lights up pinkish red on the computer screen. What type of medical test was conducted?

PET scan

A patient undergoes a medical test where many x-ray beams are sent through the skull to record cross-sectional images of the brain, which creates a two-dimensional portrayal of the brain. What type of medical test was conducted?

CT scan

Why are neurotransmitters so important to the body?

allow for communication of messages between neurons

How does the hypothalamus play a part in addiction?

it is the pleasure center and tells the body that it likes something and wants more of it each time just to feel normal

What medical condition results from a blockage inside of an artery of the brain?

stroke

What does an EEG measure?

amount of brain activity

Too low of dopamine level results in ___, a disease characterized by physical and verbal tiques.

Tourette syndrome

Too low of dopamine level results in ___, a disease characterized by muscle rigidness and uncontrollable tremors in the limbs.

Parkinson's Disease

What medical condition results from the body's own immune system attacking the myelin of neurons which causes a destruction of the neuron?

Guillain-Barre

The 2 parts of the Central Nervous System are:

brain and spine

What medical condition results from the death of motor neurons throughout the body and is, unfortunately, fatal to the patient?

ALS

What is the duty of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Sending and receiving messages from other parts of the body and transferring that information to the central nervous system.

Blood pressure is an example of the ____ nervous system.

Autonomic

What portion of the brain is responsible for formulating speech? Low blood flow to this region results in stuttering.

Brocas area

what do motor neurons do?

Conduct impulses to a muscle, gland, or other effector.

what do sensory neurons do?

conduct impulses from a sensory organ to the central nervous system

What medical condition results from a blood vessel or artery rupturing in the brain?

hemorrhage stroke