intelligence

intelligence

all purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, solve problems and to learn from experience

g factor

existence of a broad mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures

validity

extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure

internal validity

degree the results are attributable to the Independent variable and not some other rival explanation

external validity

extent to which the results of a study can be generalized

face validity

the degree to which a procedure, appears effective in terms of its stated aims

content validity

how well a measure reflects the entire range of material it is supposed to be testing

Criterion-related concurrent validity

how much of a characteristic a person has now

Criterion-related predictive validity

measures future performance

constructive validity

the degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring

reliability

the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance

Split half reliability:

a test is split in two and the scores for each half of the test is compared with one another; shows of the test is consistent it leads the experimenter to believe that it is most likely measuring the same thing.

Equivalent form reliability:

the consistency of measurement based on the correlation between scores on two similar forms of the same test taken by the same subject.

Test retest reliability:

administering the same test twice over a period of time to a group of individuals

Standardization

development of uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, and the creation of norms for the test

norms

performance standards

z scores

measure of how many standard deviations you are away from the mean

psychometricians

people who make tests

power tests

questions get increasingly hard

speed tests

large # of questions and short amt of time

achievement tests

what one has learned (ex: APs)

aptitude tests

measure natural ability (ex: IQ tests)

IQ (intelligence quotient)

[(individuals mental age)/chronological age) x 100]

Alfred Binet

compared a persons mental abilities to the abilities typical for that age group

Lewis Terman

created Stanford-Binet IQ test

Stanford-Binet IQ tests

used IQ for military officers in WWI

intellectual disability

a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has a low IQ

Flynn effect

finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately 3 points per decade

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

an individual test developed especially for school-aged children; it yields verbal, performance, and full scale IQ scores

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests

Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence:

intelligences comes in three forms: analytical, creative, and practical

Analytical intelligence:

ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrast

creative intelligence

ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine

practical intelligence

ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice

Thurstone's primary mental abilities

theory that our intelligence may be broken down into 7 factors: word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory

Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences

Nine types of intelligences: Verbal, Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist, Existentialist

Daniel Goleman Emotional Intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Heredity

the proportion of observable differences among people in a group that can be explained by the genetic differences in the genes of the group members