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Biochemical classification: neuropeptide (decapeptide)
Source: Hypothalamic surge and tonic centers
Male Target Tissue: Anterior lobe-pituitary (gonadotroph cells)
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Biochemical classification: glycoprotein
Source: anterior lobe (pituitary) (gonadotroph cells)
Male Target Tissue: testis (interstitial cells of Leydig)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Biochemical classification: glycoprotein
Source: anterior lobe-pituitary (gonadotroph cells)
Male Target Tissue: testis (sertoli cells)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Biochemical classification: protein
Source: anterior lobe-pituitary (lactotroph cells)
Male Target Tissue: testis and brain
prolactin
Biochemical classification: Neuropeptide (octapeptide)
Source: synthesized in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior lobe-pituitary; synthesized by corpus luteum
Male Target Tissue: smooth muscle of epididymal tail, ductus deferens and ampulla
oxytocin (OT)
Biochemical classification: steroid
Source: granulosal cells of follicle, placenta, Sertoli cells of testis
Male Target Tissue: brain, inhibits long bone growth
Estradiol (E2)
Biochemical classification: Steroid
Source: Corpus luteum and placenta
Male Target Tissue:
progesterone (P)
Biochemical classification: Steroid
Source: Interstitial cells of Leydig, cells of theca interna in female
Male Target Tissue: Accessory sex glands tunica dartos of scrotum, seminiferous epithelium, skeletal muscle
Testosterone (T)
Biochemical classification: Glycoprotein
Source: Granulosal cells (female), Sertoli cells (male)
Male Target Tissue: Gonadotrophs of anterior lobe-pituitary
Inhibin
Biochemical classification: Glycoprotein
Source: Placental cells (human female), granulosal cells (female), Sertoli cells (male)
Male Target Tissue: Gonadotrophs of anterior lobe-pituitary
Activin
Biochemical classification: Prostaglandin (C-20 fatty acid)
Source: Uterine endometrium, vesicular glands
Male Target Tissue: Epididymis
Prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a)
Biochemical classification: Prostaglandin (C-20 fatty acid)
Source: ovary, uterus, embryonic membranes
Male Target Tissue:
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
Biochemical classification: glycoprotein
Source: trophoblast of blastocyst (chorion)
Male Target Tissue:
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Biochemical classification: Glycoprotein
Source: Chorionic girdle cells
Male Target Tissue:
equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)
Biochemical classification: protein
Source: placenta
Male Target Tissue:
placental lactogen
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: release of FSH and LH from anterior lobe-pituitary
Female primary action: release of FSH and LH from anterior lobe-pituitary
Anterior lobe-pituitary (gonadotroph cells)
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: stimulates testosterone production
Female primary action stimulates ovulation, formation of corpora lutea and progesterone secretion
Ovary (cells of theca interna and luteal cells)
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: Sertoli cell function
Female primary action: Follicular development and estradiol synthesis
Ovary (granulosal cells)
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: can induce maternal behavior in females and males
Female primary action: lactation, maternal behavior and corpora lutea function (some species)
Mammary cells, corpus luteum in some species (rat and mouse)
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: PGF2a synthesis and pre-ejaculatory movement of spermatozoa
Female primary action: uterine motility, promotes uterine PGF 2a synthesis, milk ejection
Myometrium and endometrium of uterus, myoepithelial cells of mammary gland
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: sexual behavior
Female primary action: Sexual behavior, GnRH, elevated secretory activity of the entire tract, enhanced uterine motility
Hypothalamus, entire reproductive tract and mammary gland
What female target tissue?
Male primary action:
Female primary action: Endometrial secretion, inhibits GnRH release, inhibits reproductive behavior, promotes maintenance of pregnancy
Uterine endometrium, mammary gland, myometrium, hypothalamus
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: Anabolic growth, promotes spermatogenesis, promotes secretion of accessory sex glands
Female primary action: Substrate for E2 synthesis, abnormal masculinization (hair patterns, voice, behavior, etc.)
Brain, skeletal muscle, granulosal cells
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: inhibits FSH secretion
Female primary action: inhibits FSH secretion
gonadotrophs of anterior lobe-pituitary
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: stimulates FSH secretion
Female primary action: stimulates FSH secretion
Gonadotrophs of anterior lobe-pituitary
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: Affects metabolic activity of spermatozoa, causes epididymal contractions
Female primary action: Luteolysis, promotes uterine tone and contraction, ovulation
Corpus luteum, uterine myometrium, ovulatory follicles
What female target tissue?
Male primary action:
Female primary action: Ovulation, stimulates corpus luteum secretion of progesterone
corpus luteum, oviduct
What female target tissue?
Male primary action: increase growth of fetal testis
Female primary action: facilitate production of progesterone by ovary
ovary
What female target tissue?
Male primary action:
Female primary action: causes formation of accessory corpora lutea
ovary
What female target tissue?
Male primary action:
Female primary action: mammary stimulation of dam
mammary gland of dam