AP Bio Ecology Vocabulary

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Ecology

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60 Terms

1

Ecology

The study of interactions between an organism and its environment

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2

Organismal Ecology

How an organisms features help it survive in its environment

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3

Population Ecology

Environments effect on a populations size

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4

Community Ecology

Interactions between species

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5

Landscape Ecology

The energy and chemical flow through multiple landscapes

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6

Global Ecology

How regional ecosystems affect the biosphere

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7

Climate

Long-term weather conditions of a given area

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8

______ moderates the temperature of surrounding areas

Large bodies of water

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9

_______ disrupt wind flow and create distinct wet and dry sides

Mountains

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10

_______ reduce global temperature and increase precipitation

Forests

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11

Microclimates

Small, localized climates

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12

Tropical rainforest

High precipitation, 90-120 F

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13

Savanna

Medium precipitation, 60-80 F

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14

Desert

Very low precipitation, 90 -120 F or - 30-0 F

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15

Temperate grassland

Low precipitation, 0-80 F

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16

Deciduous forest

Medium precipitation, 10-90 F

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17

Taiga

Low precipitation, 10-90 F

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18

Tundra

Cold desert :P

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19

Chaparral

Low precipitation, 50 - 100

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20

Ecotone

Transition area between two biomes

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21

Disturbance

An event that alters the array of organisms and resource availability

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22

Photic zone

Aqueous area where there’s enough light for photosynthesis

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23

Benthic zone

The bottom of any body of water

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24

Limnetic zone

Freestanding water that’s far away from shore

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25

Neritic zone

Water that lies above the continental shelf

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26

_______ helps cycle nutrients and oxygen throughout a lake

Lake turnover

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27

Epimilion

The topmost, warmest layer of a lake

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28

Thermocline

Area between the epimilion and hypomilion where there’s a dramatic temperature change

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29

Hypomilion

Bottommost, coldest, darkest layer of a lake

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30

Lake

Large or small stratified, contained bodies of waterLake

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31

Wetland

Water-saturated soil, important filter

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32

Streams & rivers

Speed and volume varies, salinity increases as it reaches sea level

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33

Estuary

Transition area between a river and the sea

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34

Hydrothermal vents

Bottom of the ocean, organisms get energy from hot plumes of water and nutrients

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35

Mark recapture method

A method of estimating population size by capturing a group of animals, releasing them, recapturing an other group and seeing how many from the original captured group are in the new group. M/N = m/n where M = marked animals, N = Estimated pop. size, n = # of animals captured during recapture, m = # of animals marked in recapture

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36

Logistic growth

Population size levels off as it reaches carrying capacity (S-curve)

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37

Exponential growth

Population size increases exponentially under ideal conditions (J-curve)

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38

Semplarity

When an organism produces all of its offspring at once

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39

Iteoparity

When an organism produces its offspring throughout its lifetime, rather than all at once

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40

K-selection

A strategy where organisms produce few offspring but have a high survival rate

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41

R-selection

A strategy where organisms produce many offspring but few survive

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42

Commensalism

+/0. One organism is benefited while the other is unaffected.

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43

Relative abundance

The ambulance of each species in relation to the total amount of organisms in the community

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44

Energy hypothesis

Only 10% of energy (on average) is transffered up each trophic level

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45

Foundation species

These species have many other species reliant on them. Their removal would cause a major disruption to the food web. Like grass

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46

Keystone species

Like less influential foundation species.

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47

Ecosystem engineer

A species that drastically changes the landscape around them. Like beavers.

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48

Primary sucession

When life returns to an area after life has been completly wiped out by a major disturbance

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49

Secondary sucession

When life returns to an area after life has been mostly wiped out by a major disturbance

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50

Pioneer species

These species are the first life forms to appear during primary sucession

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51

1st law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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52

2nd law of thermodynamics

Energy exchange increases the entropy of the universe

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53

Autotrophes

These organisms can convert light energy into chemical energy to power themselves

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54

Heterotrophes

These organisms need to gain their energy by consuming other organisms

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55

Detrius

Nonliving organic matter

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56

Decomposers

Organisms that process detritus by breaking it down around them. Like mushrooms

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57

Detrivores

Organisms that process detritus by consuming it. Like worms.

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58

Gross primary production

Total primary production within an ecosystem

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59

Net primary production

GPP - energy used during cellular respiration

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60

Endemic species

Species that don’t appear anywhere else in the world

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