ART HIST 100 FINAL VOCAB

Masjid

Mosque

Mihrab

Dents in Qibla Wall

Qibla

Mosque wall facing Ka’ba

Temenos

Sacred Space

Minaret

Tower on a mosque

Maqsura

Enclosure in mosque

Minbar

Mini staircase

Hypostyle

Bunch of columns

Reliquary

Containers for relics

Hajj

Pilgrimage— Journey to a Holy Site

Martyr

Dies for not giving up faith

Cult of Saints

Veneration of deceased Holy People

Intercession

Praying on behalf of another person

Romanesque

Thick, massive stone construction, round arches, and small, high windows, which resulted in dark interiors and a fortress-like appearance

Buttress

Projection outside of the wall— pressure for arches to be supported on

Ribbed Vault

Thought to add structure— just to draw eyes up

Portal

Tympanum

Gothic

known for its dramatic, ornate, and often dark elegance, emphasizing height, intricate details (pointed arches, vaults, stained glass)

1140-15th century

Fourth Lateran Council

1215 big meeting to reform Christianity & improve public outreach- Pope Innocent III ~1400 reps

Abbot Suger

Inventor of Gothic- commissioned the first church to be built in the new style

Flying Buttress

extends from the upper part of a wall to a detached pier, allowing for greater support and stability for large buildings, especially cathedrals.

Bay System

A bay: distance between 2 vertical supports of a vault— repeating arches

Pointed Arch

Archivolts

Jamb

Trumeau

Tympanum

Quatrefoil

Clover shape—Vices & Virtues

Pax Mongolica

13th-14th Beijing to Ukraine; safe trade, cultural exchange, and technological transfer along Silk Roads— Marco Polo traveled from China to Europe

Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368) was China's first foreign-ruled dynasty, established by Mongol conquerors led by Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan

Ilkhanate

Mongol founded SW territories of Mongol Empire

Stonepaste

Ground glass into clay—imitating porcelain

Luster Painting

Metallic ions fusing with the glaze in the kiln—iridescence

Nasij

Textile (dragon chasing flaming pearl—good luck)

Kitabkhana

Library or where books are made

Manuscript

A book written by hand

Codex

Stitched book we flip through

Timurid Empire

Dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, and parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, and Turkey

Folio vs. Page

Folio is the leaf of paper— page is the specific side

Recto vs. Verso

(L=Recto; R=Verso)

Monoscenic

a type of visual storytelling where a single, unified image or scene captures a significant moment from a larger narrative

Birds-eye perspective

Top down view— Humay and Humayun

Baptistery

Building where people get baptized

Basilica Church

characterized by a rectangular layout with a central, tall nave flanked by lower side aisles, often separated by columns, and ending in a semicircular apse

Condottiero

Leader/Mercenary

Trompe l’oeil

“Trick the eye”

Federico da Montefeltro

Portrait— Duke of Mantua

Fresco Painting

Wet plaster painting

Tempera Painting

Pigment, water, egg yolk

Overlapping, high point of view

Illusion of space—Night attack on the Sanjo Palace & Life in the City and the Nomad Encampment

Linear or one-point perspective

Receding “parallel lines”—meet @ vanishing points—viewer has to be in specific spot

Orthogonals and vanishing point

Where lines converge— meeting at a 90 degree angle

Atmospheric or aerial perspective

Bluer & blurrier as the landscape recedes—particles in the air

Paragone

Hierarchy of art— Painting vs. Sculpture—”trick the eye” or multiple views

Di sotto in sù

Extreme foreshortening to give illusion that figures are suspended in the air

Pounced Drawing

Pricking holes as an outline and putting charcoal over to show dots

Cartoon

big sketch before painting

Triptych

3 panels together

Altarpiece

Donor Portrait

Buyer featured in portrait—showed wealth and religious devotion

Sfumato

Smokey/Blurriness

Neo-Platonism

Plato's ideas by positing a single, transcendent source called "The One," from which everything emanates in a hierarchy

Central Plan Church

Complementarity

Life must have Death—Up must have Down—Balance!

Dualism

Reality=Mind (Non-physical) and Body (Physical)

Quechua

Language spoken—Only verbal

Khipu

Keeper or time and history— Knots in rope

Qhapaq Ñan

Connected an empire that spanned 772,000² miles

Tawantinsuyu

Empire name (the land of the four regions together)

Ayllu

kin-based community—functioning as a collective group of families sharing land, resources, and responsibilities, rooted in kinship, common ancestry, and mutual cooperation

Hanan and Hurin

All in Cusco—Hanan (Upper/Masculine) Hurin (Lower/Feminine)

Tinkuy

“meeting or coming together”— tinkuy of 3 rivers where Cusco is

Ceques

Sacred Pathways radiate from Cusco leading to Wakas

Waka

Anything Sacred

Quri

Sun Gold

Inti

Currency

Mesoamerica

Mexica

Aztec—Triple Alliance (Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan)

Nahua

People

Nahuatl

Language spoken by Nahua + Mexica

Aztlán

the mythical ancestral homeland of the Aztec (Mexica) people, meaning "Place of the Herons" or "White Land," from which they migrated to establish their empire in Mexico

Mexica Triple Alliance

Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan

Altepetl

City State

Huitzilopochtli

Hummingbirds South— Patron Deity, God of War, Sun, and Fire

Hueyi Teocalli/Templo Mayor

Main Temple

Tzompantli

Skull Rack

Tlachtli

Ball Court—Soccer w/no hands no feet

Flowery War

Necessary to obtain sacrifices—make war to bring people in—political or human and God disagreement

Coatlicue

Snakes her Skirt—Intimidating, bilateral symmetry, intricate and movement in stability— Snakes are sacred—Shedding skin is cyclical

Coyolxauhqui

Bells her Cheeks

Legend of the Five Suns

Each ring—different meaning—(out to in)—Jaguar, Wind, Rain, Water, Movement— each a way the world ended

Xiuhtecuhtli

Turquois Lord, Lord of Fire

Invasion

Instead of conquest—destroy and conquer

Black Legend

a historical narrative, largely propaganda, that portrays Spain and Spaniards as uniquely cruel, bigoted, and exploitative, especially during their colonization of the Americas, focusing on the harsh treatment of Native Americans

Chronicle

Tlacuilo

Nahua Codex Painter + son

Pachacuti

“World Turned Upside Down”

Synecdoche

Part that stands in for the whole