Evanthro Exam 3: Sites
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Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
o Paranthropus boisei
o Homo habilis
o Oldowan stone tools (butchery marks)
o Butchery marks at FLK site
Awash Valley, Ethiopia
o Ardipithecus ramidus
o Ardipithecus kadabba
o Australopithecus anamnesis
Laetoli, Tanzania
o Australopithecus afarensis
o Laetoli footprints (3.7 mya)
o First direct evidence of bipedal gait (A. afarensis gait to modern humans)
Sterkfontein, South Africa
o Australopithecus africanus
§ Taung Child: first Australopithecus discovered, early proof of African origin and bipedalism
§ Mrs. Ples: most complete A. africanus skull-confirmed small-brained bipeds
§ Littlefoot skeleton: almost complete skeleton-shows mixed bipedal and climbing adaptations
Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia
o Homo erectus
o Evidence for butchery and meat-eating
o Dmanisi tools (primitive stone tools)
o Earliest Homo outside Africa
Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa
o Earliest evidence of fire: burned plant and bone in cave sediments
§ Evidence suggests that it was homo erectus
Atapuerca, Spain
o Homo heidelbergensis (the oldest hominin in western Europe)
§ Maybe homo antecessor (one of the oldest Europeans)
Shanidar Cave, Iraq
o Neandertal
§ Flower burial
§ Social care/compassion
§ Injured individuals who survived for many years
Denisova Cave, Siberia
o Denisovan fossils and DNA
o Interbred with humans
o Important for Eurasian ancestry
Dinaledi Cave, South Africa
o Homo naledi
Jebel Irhoud, Morocco
o Homo sapiens
o Modern human anatomy (315,000 years ago)
o Mix of modern face and archaic skull shape
Note 
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