MB2005 Catabolic pathways

carbohydrates process;

glucose (glycolysis)- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate - pyruvate- acetyl Coenzyme A- citric acid cycle- oxidative phosphorylation

catabolism begins with?

extracellular polymers

hydrolases often initiate?

polymer breakdown

screen for microbes producing hydrolases by?

plating on substrate and looking for zones of clearing that suggest substrate breakdown

glycolysis

glucose + 2ADP + 2NAD+ + 2 P = 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH +2H+ + 2H20

phosphoketolase pathway (heterolactic)

mainly employed by heterolactic acid bacteria, phosphoketolase enzyme cleaves pentose phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetyl phosphate. (1 ATP output) (lactic acid and ethanol end products)

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

yields 2 pyruvate from glucose, but oxidation occurs before the cleavage (net energy yield 1 mole of ATP per mole of glucose used) KDPG aldolase enzyme.

pyruvate produces what in the presence of oxygen?

Acetyl Coenzyme A by means of oxidative decarboxylation

citric acid cycle produces?

a lot of reduced coenzymes (NADH, FADH2) which donate electrons and protons to generate ATP in the electron transport chain. (why aerobic respiration produces most energy)

fermentation

use of organic molecules as terminal electron acceptors

fermentation process

Beta-D-glucose to pyruvate to; lactate, acetate, ethanol, propionate, butanol, 2-propanol ect.

Propionibacterium produces

CO2 and propionic acid (cheese)

aspergillus, lactobacillus and streptococcus produces?

lactic acid (yogurt, soy sauce)

saccharomyces produces?

CO2 and ethanol (beer)

clostridium produces’?

acetone and isopropanol (nail polish remover)

Escherichia and acetobacter produce

acetic acid (vinegar)