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Judaism

Religion of Covenant

  • Implies that God will keep his end of the bargain, but Israelites need to keep theirs

  • God sees them as a holy nation, a treasured possession

  • Huge emphasis on group identity

  • Covenant: a sacred family bond

History of the Chosen People

  • After the time of the Babylonian Exile, they were called “Jews” due to the tribe of Judah being the one captured

  • Belief that if they are God’s Chosen People, God knows what is going on with them and can help them

  • God is loving, all powerful, all just, all merciful, providential, but the Jewish people must live up to their end of the covenant

  • Classical Judaism

    • 66 CE: Jewish War to overcome the Romans

    • 70 CE: temple in Jerusalem was destroyed

    • 600 CE: Islam comes to power

      • Diaspora: dispersion; Jewish people having to live away from their ancestral homeland

  • Medieval Judaism (700s-1700s CE)

    • Jewish people thrived in Spain

    • Famous teachers: Maimonides (philosopher), and Zohar (mystical)

    • Lived under Muslim rule in Spain and Africa and Christian rule in Europe

      • Under Muslim regime

      • Under Christian regime

Central Teachings

  • Avoid pronouncing full name of God—too holy to say or write

    • YHWY in Hebrew (“Yahweh”)

  • Shema: hear o Isreal the Lord is our God, the Lord alone

    • Recited twice daily: morning and evening

    • Huge change to polytheistic world

    • Good, moral god, which most polytheistic gods were not

    • Humans are good

    • The world, matter, is good

    • You have free will, not fate

  • Torah: the first five books of the Old Testament

    • Instruction, law

    • Hebrew bible has three parts: Torah (T), Prophets (N), Writings (K)

      • Tanak: the whole Hebrew scriptures

    • Pentateuch: the Greek term for the first five books of the bible

      • Greek version; things are lost in translation

    • All three of these words are, to some extent, synonymous

    • Moses is the author according to tradition

    • Contains 613 laws, 10 Commandments are most famous

    • Every synagogue has an ark with the Torah in it

    • Prophets (one who speaks for)

    • Other writings

      • Poetry, wisdom literature, short stories, and historical accounts

  • Mishnah and Talmud

    • Rabbi: a teacher of the Torah, the leader of a Jewish congregation

    • Mishnah: a collection of teachings of Rabbis for 400 years

      • Written down in 200 CE

    • Talmud: commentary on the Mishnah

Judaism

Religion of Covenant

  • Implies that God will keep his end of the bargain, but Israelites need to keep theirs

  • God sees them as a holy nation, a treasured possession

  • Huge emphasis on group identity

  • Covenant: a sacred family bond

History of the Chosen People

  • After the time of the Babylonian Exile, they were called “Jews” due to the tribe of Judah being the one captured

  • Belief that if they are God’s Chosen People, God knows what is going on with them and can help them

  • God is loving, all powerful, all just, all merciful, providential, but the Jewish people must live up to their end of the covenant

  • Classical Judaism

    • 66 CE: Jewish War to overcome the Romans

    • 70 CE: temple in Jerusalem was destroyed

    • 600 CE: Islam comes to power

      • Diaspora: dispersion; Jewish people having to live away from their ancestral homeland

  • Medieval Judaism (700s-1700s CE)

    • Jewish people thrived in Spain

    • Famous teachers: Maimonides (philosopher), and Zohar (mystical)

    • Lived under Muslim rule in Spain and Africa and Christian rule in Europe

      • Under Muslim regime

      • Under Christian regime

Central Teachings

  • Avoid pronouncing full name of God—too holy to say or write

    • YHWY in Hebrew (“Yahweh”)

  • Shema: hear o Isreal the Lord is our God, the Lord alone

    • Recited twice daily: morning and evening

    • Huge change to polytheistic world

    • Good, moral god, which most polytheistic gods were not

    • Humans are good

    • The world, matter, is good

    • You have free will, not fate

  • Torah: the first five books of the Old Testament

    • Instruction, law

    • Hebrew bible has three parts: Torah (T), Prophets (N), Writings (K)

      • Tanak: the whole Hebrew scriptures

    • Pentateuch: the Greek term for the first five books of the bible

      • Greek version; things are lost in translation

    • All three of these words are, to some extent, synonymous

    • Moses is the author according to tradition

    • Contains 613 laws, 10 Commandments are most famous

    • Every synagogue has an ark with the Torah in it

    • Prophets (one who speaks for)

    • Other writings

      • Poetry, wisdom literature, short stories, and historical accounts

  • Mishnah and Talmud

    • Rabbi: a teacher of the Torah, the leader of a Jewish congregation

    • Mishnah: a collection of teachings of Rabbis for 400 years

      • Written down in 200 CE

    • Talmud: commentary on the Mishnah

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