Judaism
Implies that God will keep his end of the bargain, but Israelites need to keep theirs
God sees them as a holy nation, a treasured possession
Huge emphasis on group identity
Covenant: a sacred family bond
After the time of the Babylonian Exile, they were called “Jews” due to the tribe of Judah being the one captured
Belief that if they are God’s Chosen People, God knows what is going on with them and can help them
God is loving, all powerful, all just, all merciful, providential, but the Jewish people must live up to their end of the covenant
Classical Judaism
66 CE: Jewish War to overcome the Romans
70 CE: temple in Jerusalem was destroyed
600 CE: Islam comes to power
Diaspora: dispersion; Jewish people having to live away from their ancestral homeland
Medieval Judaism (700s-1700s CE)
Jewish people thrived in Spain
Famous teachers: Maimonides (philosopher), and Zohar (mystical)
Lived under Muslim rule in Spain and Africa and Christian rule in Europe
Under Muslim regime
Under Christian regime
Avoid pronouncing full name of God—too holy to say or write
YHWY in Hebrew (“Yahweh”)
Shema: hear o Isreal the Lord is our God, the Lord alone
Recited twice daily: morning and evening
Huge change to polytheistic world
Good, moral god, which most polytheistic gods were not
Humans are good
The world, matter, is good
You have free will, not fate
Torah: the first five books of the Old Testament
Instruction, law
Hebrew bible has three parts: Torah (T), Prophets (N), Writings (K)
Tanak: the whole Hebrew scriptures
Pentateuch: the Greek term for the first five books of the bible
Greek version; things are lost in translation
All three of these words are, to some extent, synonymous
Moses is the author according to tradition
Contains 613 laws, 10 Commandments are most famous
Every synagogue has an ark with the Torah in it
Prophets (one who speaks for)
Other writings
Poetry, wisdom literature, short stories, and historical accounts
Mishnah and Talmud
Rabbi: a teacher of the Torah, the leader of a Jewish congregation
Mishnah: a collection of teachings of Rabbis for 400 years
Written down in 200 CE
Talmud: commentary on the Mishnah
Implies that God will keep his end of the bargain, but Israelites need to keep theirs
God sees them as a holy nation, a treasured possession
Huge emphasis on group identity
Covenant: a sacred family bond
After the time of the Babylonian Exile, they were called “Jews” due to the tribe of Judah being the one captured
Belief that if they are God’s Chosen People, God knows what is going on with them and can help them
God is loving, all powerful, all just, all merciful, providential, but the Jewish people must live up to their end of the covenant
Classical Judaism
66 CE: Jewish War to overcome the Romans
70 CE: temple in Jerusalem was destroyed
600 CE: Islam comes to power
Diaspora: dispersion; Jewish people having to live away from their ancestral homeland
Medieval Judaism (700s-1700s CE)
Jewish people thrived in Spain
Famous teachers: Maimonides (philosopher), and Zohar (mystical)
Lived under Muslim rule in Spain and Africa and Christian rule in Europe
Under Muslim regime
Under Christian regime
Avoid pronouncing full name of God—too holy to say or write
YHWY in Hebrew (“Yahweh”)
Shema: hear o Isreal the Lord is our God, the Lord alone
Recited twice daily: morning and evening
Huge change to polytheistic world
Good, moral god, which most polytheistic gods were not
Humans are good
The world, matter, is good
You have free will, not fate
Torah: the first five books of the Old Testament
Instruction, law
Hebrew bible has three parts: Torah (T), Prophets (N), Writings (K)
Tanak: the whole Hebrew scriptures
Pentateuch: the Greek term for the first five books of the bible
Greek version; things are lost in translation
All three of these words are, to some extent, synonymous
Moses is the author according to tradition
Contains 613 laws, 10 Commandments are most famous
Every synagogue has an ark with the Torah in it
Prophets (one who speaks for)
Other writings
Poetry, wisdom literature, short stories, and historical accounts
Mishnah and Talmud
Rabbi: a teacher of the Torah, the leader of a Jewish congregation
Mishnah: a collection of teachings of Rabbis for 400 years
Written down in 200 CE
Talmud: commentary on the Mishnah