Havighurst’s Developmental Task Theory

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Robert Havighurst emphasized that learning is basic and that it continues throughout life span. Growth and Development occurs in six stages.

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Developmental Tasks of Infancy and Early Childhood:

1. Learning to walk.
2. Learning to take solid foods
3. Learning to talk
4. Learning to control the elimination of body wastes
5. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
6. Forming concepts and learning language to describe social and physical reality.
7. Getting ready to read

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Middle Childhood:

1. Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games.
2. Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself as a growing organism
3. Learning to get along with age-mates
4. Learning an appropriate masculine or feminine social role
5. Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating
6. Developing concepts necessary for everyday living.
7. Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values
8. Achieving personal independence
9. Developing attitudes toward social groups and institutions

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Developmental Tasks of Adolescence:

1. Achieving new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes
2. Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
3. Accepting one's physique and using the body effectively
4. Achieving emotional independence of parents and other adults
5. Preparing for marriage and family life Preparing for an economic career
6. Acquiring a set of values and an ethical system as a guide to behavior; developing an
   ideology
7. Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior

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Developmental Tasks of Early Adulthood

1. Selecting a mate
2. Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
3. Learning to live with a marriage partner
4. Starting a family
5. Rearing children
6. Managing a home
7. Getting started in an occupation
8. Taking on civic responsibility
9. Finding a congenial social group

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Developmental Tasks of Middle Age

1. Achieving adult civic and social responsibility
2. Establishing and maintaining an economic standard of living
3. Assisting teenage children to become responsible and happy adults
4. Developing adult leisure-time activities
5. Relating oneself to one’s spouse as a person
6. Accepting and adjusting to the physiologic changes or middle age
7. Adjusting to aging parents.

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Developmental Tasks of Later Maturity

1. Adjusting to decreasing physical strength and health
2. Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
3. Adjusting to death of a spouse
4. Establishing an explicit affiliation with one’s age group
5. Meeting social and civil obligations
6. Establishing satisfactory physical living arrangement

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Living Mindfully

Mindfulness is paying attention, on purpose, in the present, and non-judgementally, to the
unfolding of experience moment by moment.

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m- moment to moment attention

i-In the here and now

n- non judgemental attitude

d- detach from unhelpful thoughts

f- forgive and be grateful

u- unconditional acceptance

l- learn like childlike mindset

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Before you SPEAK : THINK

T- is it true?

h- is it helpful?

i-Is it inspiring?

n- is it necessary?

k- is it kind?

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Breath Mindfully - use your breath as an anchor to still your mind and bring your focus back to the
present moment.

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Listen deeply/ listen with attention – let others fully express themselves and focus on understanding
how they think and feel.

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Cultivate Insight – see life as it is, allowing each experience to be an opportunity for learning.

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Practice Compassion – consider the thoughts and feelings of others and let tenderness, kindness and
empathy be your guides.

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Limit Reactivity – observe rather than be controlled by your emotions. Pause, breathe and choose a
skillful response based on thoughtful speech and non-violence under every condition.

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Express Gratitude- practice gratitude daily and expand it outward, appreciating everyone and
everything you.

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Nurture Mutual Respect- appreciate our common humanity and value different perspectives.

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Build Integrity – cultivate constructive values and consistently act from respect.

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Foster Leadership – engage fully in life and community. Share your unique talents and generosity so
that others can also be.

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Be Peace – cultivate your inner peace, becoming an agent compassion to action.

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