APUSH Period 3
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102 Terms
French and Indian War
A conflict fought between British and French forces with their respective Native American allies in North America from 1754 to 1763.
Seven Years' War
A global conflict which included the French and Indian War, involving Britain and France fighting over territorial disputes.
Ohio River Valley
The area of territorial dispute between the British and French, sought for its resources and strategic advantages.
Treaty of Paris (1763)
The treaty that ended the French and Indian War, transferring French territories in North America to Britain.
Proclamation of 1763
British declaration preventing American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains to reduce Native American conflict.
Albany Congress
A 1754 meeting of delegates from British colonies aimed at coordinating a defense against the French.
Albany Plan of Union
Benjamin Franklin's proposal for a council of representatives from each colony to unify defense against the French.
Salutary Neglect
An unofficial British policy of minimal interference in colonial governance before the French and Indian War.
Taxation without Representation
Colonial grievance that expressed anger over being taxed by British Parliament without any colonial representation.
Sons of Liberty
A group formed to oppose British policies and taxes through protests and boycotts.
Stamp Act Congress
Meeting of colonial delegates in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act, aiming to repeal it while expressing loyalty to Britain.
Declaratory Act
Law asserting that Parliament had the right to legislate for the colonies in all cases, passed after the repeal of the Stamp Act.
Boston Massacre
1770 event in which British soldiers killed five colonial civilians, escalating tensions between colonists and British authorities.
Boston Tea Party
1773 protest in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to oppose the Tea Act, which granted a monopoly to the East India Company.
Intolerable Acts
British laws restricting colonial liberty in response to the Boston Tea Party, leading to increased colonial resistance.
Shays' Rebellion
An uprising led by farmers in Massachusetts protesting economic injustices and highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Federalists
Supporters of the Constitution who advocated for a strong central government after the Articles of Confederation.
Anti-Federalists
Opponents of the Constitution who feared centralized power and wanted protections for individual rights.
Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreement to count three-fifths of enslaved individuals for representation purposes in Congress.
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing individual liberties and addressing Anti-Federalist concerns.
Checks and Balances
System that ensures no one branch of government becomes too powerful by allowing each branch to limit the actions of the others.
Federalism
System of government that divides power between the national and state governments.
Separation of Powers
The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.
XYZ Affair
A diplomatic incident in 1797 involving demands for a bribe by French officials from U.S. diplomats.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Political statements asserting states' rights to nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional.
Proclamation of Neutrality
A declaration by Washington to keep the U.S. neutral in conflicts between France and Britain.
Whiskey Rebellion
A 1794 uprising of farmers protesting an excise tax on whiskey, suppressed by federal authority.
Republican Motherhood
The idea that women's role in society, particularly mothers, was crucial for instilling republican values in future generations.
Neoclassical Architecture
American architectural style that mirrored European styles, emphasizing virtue and democracy.
First Amendment
Part of the Bill of Rights ensuring freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
Enlightenment Ideas
Philosophical concepts emphasizing reason, liberty, and individual rights that influenced American political thought.
Articles of Confederation
The first constitution of the United States that created a weak central government.
Great Compromise
The agreement to create a bicameral legislature, blending population-based and equal state representation.
Shays' Rebellion's Impact
The uprising revealed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and led to calls for a stronger national government.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
A 1794 battle that defeated Native American tribes, securing US control in the Ohio Valley.
Pinckney's Treaty
Treaty with Spain that granted the U.S. access to New Orleans and defined the southern boundary of the U.S.
Jay's Treaty
Treaty that addressed wartime issues with Britain but was unpopular due to perceived favoritism toward Britain.
Federalist Papers
A series of essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution.
Quasi-War
An undeclared naval conflict between the United States and France in the late 1790s.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Laws that restricted immigration and limited free speech in relation to government criticism.
Mississippi River
The western boundary established by the Treaty of Paris (1783), expanding American territory.
Thomas Jefferson's Vision
Jefferson's interpretation of a limited government focused on agrarian interests and states’ rights.
George Washington's Farewell Address
A speech warning against political parties and entangling alliances.
Impact of American Revolution on Global Ideals
The Revolution inspired democratic movements worldwide by demonstrating the possibility of resistance against oppressive rule.
Haitian Revolution
The revolution that resulted in the first independent Black-led republic, influenced by American and French revolutionary ideas.
Articles of Confederation's Weaknesses
The Articles lacked a strong central authority to manage economic and territorial disputes effectively.
Education Expansions Post-Revolution
Education reforms during and after the Revolution focused on creating a virtuous citizenry, particularly among women.
John Locke's Influence
Locke's philosophy emphasized consent of the governed and natural rights, shaping colonial views on governance and rebellion.
Montesquieu's Influence
Montesquieu's advocacy for separation of powers inspired the founding principles of the U.S. government.
Baron de Montesquieu
Philosopher promoting separation of powers and checks and balances to protect liberty.
Social Contract
Rousseau's theory that government power derives from the consent of the governed.
French and Indian War
A conflict fought between British and French forces with their respective Native American allies in North America from 1754 to 1763.
Seven Years' War
A global conflict which included the French and Indian War, involving Britain and France fighting over territorial disputes.
Ohio River Valley
The area of territorial dispute between the British and French, sought for its resources and strategic advantages.
Treaty of Paris (1763)
The treaty that ended the French and Indian War, transferring French territories in North America to Britain.
Proclamation of 1763
British declaration preventing American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains to reduce Native American conflict.
Albany Congress
A 1754 meeting of delegates from British colonies aimed at coordinating a defense against the French.
Albany Plan of Union
Benjamin Franklin's proposal for a council of representatives from each colony to unify defense against the French.
Salutary Neglect
An unofficial British policy of minimal interference in colonial governance before the French and Indian War.
Taxation without Representation
Colonial grievance that expressed anger over being taxed by British Parliament without any colonial representation.
Sons of Liberty
A group formed to oppose British policies and taxes through protests and boycotts.
Stamp Act Congress
Meeting of colonial delegates in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act, aiming to repeal it while expressing loyalty to Britain.
Declaratory Act
Law asserting that Parliament had the right to legislate for the colonies in all cases, passed after the repeal of the Stamp Act.
Boston Massacre
1770 event in which British soldiers killed five colonial civilians, escalating tensions between colonists and British authorities.
Boston Tea Party
1773 protest in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to oppose the Tea Act, which granted a monopoly to the East India Company.
Intolerable Acts
British laws restricting colonial liberty in response to the Boston Tea Party, leading to increased colonial resistance.
Shays' Rebellion
An uprising led by farmers in Massachusetts protesting economic injustices and highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Federalists
Supporters of the Constitution who advocated for a strong central government after the Articles of Confederation.
Anti-Federalists
Opponents of the Constitution who feared centralized power and wanted protections for individual rights.
Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreement to count three-fifths of enslaved individuals for representation purposes in Congress.
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing individual liberties and addressing Anti-Federalist concerns.
Checks and Balances
System that ensures no one branch of government becomes too powerful by allowing each branch to limit the actions of the others.
Federalism
System of government that divides power between the national and state governments.
Separation of Powers
The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.
XYZ Affair
A diplomatic incident in 1797 involving demands for a bribe by French officials from U.S. diplomats.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Political statements asserting states' rights to nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional.
Proclamation of Neutrality
A declaration by Washington to keep the U.S. neutral in conflicts between France and Britain.
Whiskey Rebellion
A 1794 uprising of farmers protesting an excise tax on whiskey, suppressed by federal authority.
Republican Motherhood
The idea that women's role in society, particularly mothers, was crucial for instilling republican values in future generations.
Neoclassical Architecture
American architectural style that mirrored European styles, emphasizing virtue and democracy.
First Amendment
Part of the Bill of Rights ensuring freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
Enlightenment Ideas
Philosophical concepts emphasizing reason, liberty, and individual rights that influenced American political thought.
Articles of Confederation
The first constitution of the United States that created a weak central government.
Great Compromise
The agreement to create a bicameral legislature, blending population-based and equal state representation.
Shays' Rebellion's Impact
The uprising revealed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and led to calls for a stronger national government.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
A 1794 battle that defeated Native American tribes, securing US control in the Ohio Valley.
Pinckney's Treaty
Treaty with Spain that granted the U.S. access to New Orleans and defined the southern boundary of the U.S.
Jay's Treaty
Treaty that addressed wartime issues with Britain but was unpopular due to perceived favoritism toward Britain.
Federalist Papers
A series of essays written to support the ratification of the Constitution.
Quasi-War
An undeclared naval conflict between the United States and France in the late 1790s.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Laws that restricted immigration and limited free speech in relation to government criticism.
Mississippi River
The western boundary established by the Treaty of Paris (1783), expanding American territory.
Thomas Jefferson's Vision
Jefferson's interpretation of a limited government focused on agrarian interests and states’ rights.
George Washington's Farewell Address
A speech warning against political parties and entangling alliances.
Impact of American Revolution on Global Ideals
The Revolution inspired democratic movements worldwide by demonstrating the possibility of resistance against oppressive rule.
Haitian Revolution
The revolution that resulted in the first independent Black-led republic, influenced by American and French revolutionary ideas.
Articles of Confederation's Weaknesses
The Articles lacked a strong central authority to manage economic and territorial disputes effectively.
Education Expansions Post-Revolution
Education reforms during and after the Revolution focused on creating a virtuous citizenry, particularly among women.
John Locke's Influence
Locke's philosophy emphasized consent of the governed and natural rights, shaping colonial views on governance and rebellion.
Montesquieu's Influence
Montesquieu's advocacy for separation of powers inspired the founding principles of the U.S. government.
Flashcards (95)