Chem (Kinetic Molecular Theory)

Motion

Particles of matter are always in __________

gas

Total disorder, much empty space; particles have complete freedom of motion; particles are far apart

liquid

disorder, particles or clusters of particles are free to move relative to each other, particles close together

solid

Ordered arrangement; particles are essentially in fixed positions; particles close together

Fahrenheit

Used in the U.S (based on average human body temp

Celsius

Used in the U.K (based on the movement of water)

Kelvin

Used in science (based on movement of particles

300K

What is approximately room temp

C+273

How do you convert Celsius to Kelvin

C=K-273

How do you convert Kelvin to Celsius

Millimeter of Mercury (mmHg), Atmosphere aka standard pressure (atm), kiloPascals aka SI unit of pressure (Kpa)

What are the standard units of pressure

760 mmHg =1.00atm

How do you convert mmHg to atm

101.3kPa = 1.00atm

How do you convert kPa to atm

Newtons (N)

Unit used to measure Force

m2, cm2, mm2, km2

units to measure area

Kinetic Molecular Theory

all matter is made up of moving particles too small to be seen even with the smallest microscope, and these particles are in constant random motion therefore they all possess kinetic energy

Gas particles

move in a straight line, and they collide with each other or the wall of container; collision between particles are perfectly elastic meaning no energy is lost

do not

The _____ attract or repel

the temp of the gas

what does the average kinetic energy of the particles depend on

kinetic energy

The energy due to the motion of a particle

Increase in kinetic energy

more particle motion and greater speed / velocity

Bigger particles

Moving more slowly

Standard temperature

The freezing point of pure water at sea level in air at standard pressure (1atm)

absolute zero

the theoretical temp, it is the lowest possible temperature where nothing could be colder and no heat energy remains in the substance, the particles are completely at rest

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

Temperature

If two substances have the same kinetic energy they also have the same _______

Direct relationship

Between temp and kinetic energy, meaning as temperature increases, kinetic energy increases.

Pressure

the amount of force applied over a surface

Barometer

device used to measure air pressure

Gas pressure

depends on the number of collisions with the inside wall of the container

temp

pressure and _____ have a direct relationship

Atmospheric pressure

results from the collisions of air molecules with the outside of objects

temp, volume, and pressure

Gas laws bring together

Robert Boyle

Anglo-Irish philosopher, chemist, physicist and alchemist, studied the relationship of volume and pressure, known for the book The Skeptical Chemist, refuted Airstotle’s idea that all matter was composed of earth, air, fire, and water

Boyles law

if temp is constant, when the pressure goes up, the volume goes down

inverse

is boyles law an inverse or direct relationship

D, I, C

(boyles law) pressure = D, C, or I, volume - D,C, or I, temperature = D, C, or I

p1 x v1 = p2 x v2

What is Boyle’s law formula

Jacques Charles

French physicist, he was on the second balloon ever to lift a human being off the surface of the earth, studies the effect of temperature of the volume of a gas at constant pressure

Charles law

If the pressure is constant, when the temp goes ip the volume goes up (elastic container

direct

Is Charles law a direct or inverse relationship

I, D, C

temper = D, C, or I, Volume = D, C, or I, Pressure = D, C, or I

v1 / t1 = v2 / t2

What is the Charles law formula

Joseph -Louis Gay- Lussac

French chemist, known for his discovery that water is made of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.

Gay -Lussac’s law

if the volume is constant when the temp goes up the pressure will go up (rigid container)

direct

is Gay -Lussac’s law have a direct or inverse relationship

I,D,C

(gay Lussac’s law) temp = D, C, or, I, pressure = D,C, or, I, volume = D, C, or, I

p1 / t1 = p2 / t2

What is Gay - Lussac’s formula

Combined law formula

formula that can be used for all three gases

p1 x v1 / t1 = p2 x v2 / t2

What is combine law formula