APUSH Bailey: Progressive Reform and Activist Foreign Policy Quiz

Teller Amendment

A 1898 amendment stating that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War, ensuring Cuban independence.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain and later the U.S., fighting for Philippine sovereignty.

Platt Amendment

A 1901 amendment that gave the U.S. control over Cuba's foreign policy and allowed U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs.

Sordid Little War

A term used to describe the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), highlighting the brutal nature of U.S. imperialism.

Anti-Imperialist League

A group formed in 1898 to oppose U.S. expansionism, arguing that imperialism violated democratic principles.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the U.S. in 1899-1900 advocating equal trade opportunities in China and opposing European spheres of influence.

Wiebe, "Search for Order"

A book by Robert Wiebe analyzing how Progressive Era reforms aimed to bring order and efficiency to American society.

GFWC and NCL/Kelley

Women-led reform organizations: the General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC) and the National Consumers League (NCL), led by Florence Kelley, focused on labor rights and consumer protection.

NAWSA

The National American Woman Suffrage Association, which fought for women's right to vote, leading to the passage of the 19th Amendment.

Pragmatism

A philosophical movement emphasizing practical consequences and experience over fixed principles, associated with thinkers like William James and John Dewey.

Dewey and the Lab Schools

John Dewey's experimental schools in Chicago that emphasized learning through experience and progressive education methods.

Lewis Hine

A photographer whose work exposed child labor abuses and contributed to labor reform in the early 20th century.

Niagara Movement/NAACP

A civil rights movement led by W.E.B. Du Bois advocating for racial equality; it evolved into the NAACP, which fought for African American rights through legal challenges.

City-Level Reforms

Progressive-era initiatives like city commissions and city managers to reduce corruption and improve efficiency in urban governance.

Gas and Water Socialism

The idea that essential utilities like gas and water should be publicly owned to ensure fair prices and access.

La Follette and the Wisconsin Idea

Robert La Follette's progressive reforms in Wisconsin, promoting direct democracy, regulation of big business, and public policy shaped by academic expertise.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

A 1911 factory fire in New York City that killed 146 workers, leading to major workplace safety reforms.

Louis Brandeis

A progressive lawyer and Supreme Court justice known for championing social justice, workers' rights, and opposition to monopolies.

TR's Background and Progressive Reform

Theodore Roosevelt, a former Rough Rider and president, pushed progressive policies like trust-busting, conservation, and consumer protection.

Constitutional Amendment 16

Allowed Congress to levy a federal income tax (1913).

Constitutional Amendment 17

Established the direct election of U.S. senators by voters instead of state legislatures (1913).

Constitutional Amendment 18

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol, beginning Prohibition (1919).

Constitutional Amendment 19

Granted women the right to vote (1920).

Initiatives

A process that allows citizens to propose and vote on new laws or amendments by gathering signatures to place the issue on a ballot.

Referendums

A process where voters approve or reject laws passed by the legislature, allowing direct public input on legislation.

Recalls

A procedure that allows voters to remove an elected official from office before their term ends through a special election.