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correlation
shows a statistical relationship, though not necessarily causation
third variable problem
occurs when two variables have a statistical correlation, but are both caused by an unconsidered variable
positive correlation
occurs when two variables increase (or decrease) at the same rate
negative correlation
occurs when one variable increases while the other decreases
no correlation
occurs when two variables have no statistical relationship
strong correlation
the relationship between variables is more likely to happen; few numerical outliers
weak correlation
the relationship between variables is less likely to happen; many numerical outliers
scatter plot
type of graph used to visualize correlations
r-value (correlation coefficient)
the numeric value of the strength of a correlation; between 1 and -1
Note 
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