Environmental chemistry 9 mid-unit

Element

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom that cannot be broken down any farther

water cycle

process in which nearly all water on earth moves continuously between Ocean, land, and atmosphere

nitrogen fixation

process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use

What are the 4 elements Essential to life?

CHON my man 😍
• Cabonia
• Hydroginia
• Oxyginia
• and my mate NITROGINIA AYO MY BAE 😍

Sublimation

solid to gas

Condensation

Gas to liquid

Deposition

gas to solid

where does the carbon start and end at?

da atmosferic eria of erth (the atmosphere)

where is most of the nitrogen on earth??

atmosphere

nitrogen cycle

• free nitrogen turned to compound nitrogen for them plants
• who now
• OTHER PLANTS GET THE NITROGEN THEY NEED FROM SOILS OR WATER

effluent

liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.

heavy metals

metallic elements with a high density that are toxic to organisms at low concentrations

Leaching

removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards

pollution

Release of harmful materials into the environment
- any change in the environment that produces a condition that us harmful to the environment

pollutant

A substance that causes pollution.

how many nutrients does our body need for normal growth?

25

what are the common elements of life?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (CHON)

what complex molecules do these make?

• sugars
• Oils
• proteins

what are nutrients?

elements that living things need for growth, living, and reproduction

What are macronutrients and what are they needed for? include examples
​

nutrients that are needed in relatively large amounts. needed for normal growth of plants.
ex. magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium ...

what are macronutrients? include some examples

nutrients meeded in only minor amounts.
ex. iron, copper, iodine, etc...

what are they needed for?

running small specific tasks in an organism

optimal amount

not too much not too little --> just the right amount

What is an organic compound?

• A compound that contains carbon
• large and complex
• more organic compound than inorganic compounds
• ex: vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

What are inorganic compounds?

• Compounds that do not contain carbon bonds ( usually no carbon at all)
• usually come from soil or water and are eaten or absorbed

What are carbohydrates?

organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

how are carbohydrates formed?

photosynthesis in plants

some food sources of carbo

- rice grains
- potatoes
- fruits

Lipids

compounds composed of many hydrogen, carbon, qnd oxygen atoms

who are they formed from?

plants and animals but mostly plants

plants lipids =

unsaturated fatty acids

animal lipids =

saturated fatty acids

Lipids food sources

vegetable oils, nut oil, some dairy

what are proteins amd amino acids used by?

used by organisms for growth, repair, and a source of energy

what are the main components of molecules of proteins and amino acids? 💀

CHON atoms

T or F - proteins and amino acids are the main component of enzymes.

TRUE

what are some food sources that contain proteins and amino acids?

meats, eggs, dairy, nuts

what are the two types of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA

what role do nucleic acids play?

major role in cell activity and heredity

What food sources can nucleic acids he found in?

Meat, Fish, Seafood, mushrooms

Ingestion

process of taking in food

Digestion

Breaking down food

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

PERFUME MOVING AROUND AND SPREADING

Osmosis definition

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

- water moves between the semi permeable membrane so the space between so the particles is equal

active transport

Process in which cells use energy to move nutrient molecules from areas of LOW concentrations, areas of HIGHER concentration.

Hydrolysis

breakdown or digestion of food of large organic molecule using water.

when a substance has been broken down using hydrolysis is has been...

hydrolyzed

Bioaccumulation

the buildup of toxicants in the tissues of an animal throughout its life

Biomagnification

increase in concentration of a chemic as it moves up the food chain

ppm

parts per million

how do plants absorb nutrients?

through their roots and leaves by osmosis or diffusion

Osmosis vs. Diffusion

osmosis: liquid moves
diffusion: particles move

what are the 2 types of active transport?

osmosis and diffusion