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Dolmen
Tomb of standing stones usually capped with a large horizontal slab
Menhir
A single, large upright monolith
Tumulus
Dominant tomb type • Corridor inside leading to an underground chamber
Beehive hut
Trullo - dry walled rough stone shelter with corbelled roof
igloo
house constructed of hard-packed snow blocks built up spirally
Cromlech
Enclosure formed by huge stones planted on the ground in circular form
wigwam
Covered with rush mats and an animal skin door, conical tent with wooden poles as framework
Temple of Hatshepsut
Mastabas
Rectangular flat-topped funerary mound, with battered side, covering a burial chamber below ground
Avenue of Sphinxes
rows of monsters (body of lion, head of man, hawk, ram) leading to monuments
Ziggurat at Ur
Pyramid of Gyza
Most magnificent of pyramids Equilateral sides face cardinal points. Forms a world-famous building group
Temple of Khons
Typical temple: pylons, court, hypostyle hall, sanctuary, chapels all enclosed by high girdle wall • Avenue of sphinxes and obelisks fronting pylons
Bent Pyramid of Sneferu
Step Pyramid at Saqqara
World's first large-scale monument in stone • Designed by Imhotep
obelisk
upright stone square in plan, with an electrum-capped pyramidion on top
Temple of Isis at Philae
It was the last pagan temple to exist in the Mediterranean, dedicated to goddess Isis, wife of Osiris and mother of Horus.
Great Temple, Abu Simbel
Example of rock-cut temple • Constructed by Rameses II • Entrance forecourt leads to imposing pylon with 4 rockcut colossal statues of Rameses sitting over 20 m high
theater at Epidaurus
most well preserved theater in Greece; theater dedicated to Asklepius, the god of healing
agora
the marketplace in ancient Greece
Temple of Artemis
A large temple at Ephesus that was said to be one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Artemis was the Roman goddess of the Hunt.
Colosseum, Rome
Arch of Septimius Severus
Triple, triumphal arch. Awarded for defeating Parthians. Dedicated 203 AD, In the Roman Forum, Made of marble. An inscription on it was removed to erase Geta from the world, top once had a bronze sculpture of the family.
Hagia Sophia
"divine or holy wisdom" • Built by Justinian, designed by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
Reims Cathedral
"What is the name of the
Cathedral in France that was designed
by Jean d' Orbais.
Casa Mila, Barcelona, Spain
Antonio Gaudi
"Nature/Biology/Organisms"
-air movement
-organic material
-responds to geography, climate, and character of the region
-ventilation
The Entrance Pavilion, Exposition Universelle 1889
• Designed by Gustav Eiffel and maurice koechlin • Extensive use of iron, 300m high
The Opera House, Paris
Neo-Baroque by Charles Garnier
church of sacre-couer
Neo-Byzantine by Paul Abadie
Stonehenge
Most spectacular and imposing of monolithic monuments. Outer ring, inner ring, innermost horseshoe-shaped ring with open end facing east
Parthenon, Acropolis
Greece, Classical Period, Athens, 400
sacred to Athena, made of marble
view from the back of the temple, face rising sun
3/4 view to see how wide it is
offerings before temple, not inside
Acropolis of Athens
10 structures form a world-famous building group: • Propylaea • Pinacotheca • Statue of Athena Promachos • Erectheion • Parthenon • Temple of Nike Apteros • Old Temple of Athena • Stoa of Eumeses • Theater of Dionysus • Odeon of Herodes Atticus
Temple of Hera, Paestum, Italy
Archaic Greek. This temple is one of the earliest surviving Greek temples. The bulging columns and spreading capitals are typical of Doric architecture of the Archaic period. The temple probably featured a Doric frieze of triglyphs and metopes, but none of this embellishment has survived.
Circus Maximus
a Roman outdoor arena in which public games, such as chariot races, were held
Bath of Diocletian
Pantheon, Rome
a circular temple in rome
Segovia Aqueduct
Spain
200 AD
made of concrete
Basilica (Forum of Pompeii)
Old St. Peter's, Rome
Erected by Constantine near the site of St. Peter's martyrdom
Pisa Cathedral
Forms one of most famous building groups in the world - Cathedral, Baptistery, Campanile, and Campo Santo
St. Mark, Venice
On the site of original Basilican church • An exterior quality all its own: blending of features from many foreign lands
Worms Cathedral
Eastern and western apses and octagons 2 circular towers flank each Octagon at crossing, with pointed roof
Motte and Bailey
Later became citadels with stone curtain walls
Siena Cathedral
One of most stupendous undertakings since the building of the Pisa cathedral • Outcome of civic pride - all artists in Siena contributed their works to its building and adornment
Penhurst Place
Carcassone
• built in 13th Century AD • double wall, inner one made in 600 AD • 50 towers and moat • two gateways guarded by machicolations, drawbridge and portcullis
Ulm Cathedral
tallest cathedral in the world (162 m high)
Notre Dame, Paris, France
One of the oldest French cathedrals • Begun by Bishop Maurice de Sully
Chatres Cathedral
Wesminster Abbey
Complex of church, royal palace and burial grounds • Most important medieval building in Britain • widest (32 m) and highest vault in England (102 ft)
Amiens Cathedral
The Escorial, Madrid
• Austere group of buildings, composed of the monastery, college, church and palace with state apartments
Blenheim Palace
Most monumental mansion in England • Example of central block with wings
St. Paul Cathedral, London
Designed by Christopher Wren • Area of 6000 sq.m and a large central space under dome for big congregations
St. Peter, Rome
Most important Renaissance building in Italy • With cathedral, piazza and the Vatican, forms a worldfamous group
Chateau de Chambord
feature double helix stone stair to allow guest to climb up and down without passing each other (french renaissance)
The university, salamanca
The facade is a Plateresque design masterpiece • Admirable craftsmanship
Queen's House
influenced by Palladian architecture
Banqueting House
INIGO JONES, London, inspired by Palladio, built for James I, modest emphasis on center of facade, central bay of six windows, flat pilasters, rusticated basement level, two stories of windows, balustraded roof
Palazzo Strozzi
By Benedetto da Majano • Representative of the Florentine palace of that period • Open cortile and piano nobile • Astylar exterior of uniform rustication
Tempietto of San Pietro
• Resembling small Roman circular temple with Doric columns • 4.5 m internal diameter
Unity Temple
Frank Lloyd Wright, 1909
the conservatory, carlton house
Cast-iron for structural and decorative purpose
Crystal Palace
Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.
US Capitol Building
This Neoclassical American landmark built in the first part of the 19th century features a massive dome.
westminster new palace
Designed by Sir Charles Barry • Non-classical design: Gothic detail by Pugin • Victoria tower, Clock tower "Big Ben" • First major public building of Gothic revival
Robie House, Chicago
Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright
Sagrada Familia
Art Noveau by Antoni Gaudi
Old World Trade Center
Minoru Yamasaki Structural steel framing • Destroyed by the September 11 terrorist attacks
New World Trade Center
Daniel Libeskind 541 m tall after 9-11 attack
Sydney Opera House
Jorn Utzon Has a peel orange design in the bay of sydney
The Chrysler Building
William van Alen Art Deco style building in new york
Villa Savoye at Poissy
Realization of 'five points‘ of new architecture
Johnson Wax Co. Building
UNESCO Secretariat Building, Paris
TWA Terminal, JFKennedy Airport
Undulating shape was meant to evoke the excitement of high speed flight
Chapel of Notre Dame, Ronchamp
le Corbusier
Palazzetto dello Sport
Designed by Pierre Luigi Nervi and Vitellozzi for 1960 Rome Olympics
Parliament Building, Brasilia
Oscar Niemeyer work with city planner lucio costa
Enstein Tower
Potsdam made by Eric Mendelsohn
Sports Hall for 1964 Tokyo Olympics
Designed by Kenzo Tange for Olympics
Munich Stadium
Frei Otto made this building for 1972 Olympics
Falling Water
Frank Lloyd Wright Famous work
Viharas
Buddhist monasteries often excavated from solid rock • Central pillared chamber or quadrangle surrounded by verandah
The Taj-Mahal, Agra
Built by the emperor Shah Jahan for his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal
Mandira
Hindu temple with a interior sanctuary called a vimana • Capped by a tapering spire-shaped tower – sikhara
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
Most important Islamic structure
Mosque
Principal place of worship • Building used for Friday prayer
Stupas
• Buddhist memorial mound erected to enshrine a relic of Buddha, to commemorate special events or mark a sacred spot • Regarded as symbols of the universe • Based on the pre-historic funerary tumulus
Chaityas
Buddhist shrine also carved out of solid rock • Formed like an aisled basilica with a stupa at one end
Stambhas
Monumental pillars standing free without any structural function • Circular or octagonal shafts
The Alhambra, Granada
Fortified palace and complex of buildings set in gardens • One of most elaborate and richly decorated Islamic palaces
The Great Wall of China
Most famous of ancient Chinese buildings • by Shi Huangdi
Shinto temples
Japanese Version of Temples
Pai-Lous
Monumental, ceremonial gateway and basic symbolic structure in Chinese architecture • Erected as memorials to eminent persons
Chinese Temple
Chief feature was the roof • Supported on timber uprights and independent of walls • A sign of dignity to place roofs one over the other
Chinese Pagoda
Octagonal in plan • Odd number of stories, 9 or 13 • Roofs projecting from each of its many floors, turned up eaves • Slopes inwards to the top
Japanese Pagoda
Derived from the Chinese pagoda • Square plan • Mostly 5 storeys, 45 m in height • Virtually suspended around a central timber
Torii
Monumental, free-standing gateways to a Shinto shrine • Derived from the Chinese pai-lou
Manila Hotel
William Parsons 1st Hotel in Ph, with 1st elevator
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