HOA Comprehensive Exam Reviewer

Dolmen

Tomb of standing stones usually capped with a large horizontal slab

Menhir

A single, large upright monolith

Tumulus

Dominant tomb type • Corridor inside leading to an underground chamber

Beehive hut

Trullo - dry walled rough stone shelter with corbelled roof

igloo

house constructed of hard-packed snow blocks built up spirally

Cromlech

Enclosure formed by huge stones planted on the ground in circular form

wigwam

Covered with rush mats and an animal skin door, conical tent with wooden poles as framework

Temple of Hatshepsut

Mastabas

Rectangular flat-topped funerary mound, with battered side, covering a burial chamber below ground

Avenue of Sphinxes

rows of monsters (body of lion, head of man, hawk, ram) leading to monuments

Ziggurat at Ur

Pyramid of Gyza

Most magnificent of pyramids Equilateral sides face cardinal points. Forms a world-famous building group

Temple of Khons

Typical temple: pylons, court, hypostyle hall, sanctuary, chapels all enclosed by high girdle wall • Avenue of sphinxes and obelisks fronting pylons

Bent Pyramid of Sneferu

Step Pyramid at Saqqara

World's first large-scale monument in stone • Designed by Imhotep

obelisk

upright stone square in plan, with an electrum-capped pyramidion on top

Temple of Isis at Philae

It was the last pagan temple to exist in the Mediterranean, dedicated to goddess Isis, wife of Osiris and mother of Horus.

Great Temple, Abu Simbel

Example of rock-cut temple • Constructed by Rameses II • Entrance forecourt leads to imposing pylon with 4 rockcut colossal statues of Rameses sitting over 20 m high

theater at Epidaurus

most well preserved theater in Greece; theater dedicated to Asklepius, the god of healing

agora

the marketplace in ancient Greece

Temple of Artemis

A large temple at Ephesus that was said to be one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Artemis was the Roman goddess of the Hunt.

Colosseum, Rome

Arch of Septimius Severus

Triple, triumphal arch. Awarded for defeating Parthians. Dedicated 203 AD, In the Roman Forum, Made of marble. An inscription on it was removed to erase Geta from the world, top once had a bronze sculpture of the family.

Hagia Sophia

"divine or holy wisdom" • Built by Justinian, designed by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus

Reims Cathedral

"What is the name of the

Cathedral in France that was designed

by Jean d' Orbais.

Casa Mila, Barcelona, Spain

Antonio Gaudi

"Nature/Biology/Organisms"

-air movement

-organic material

-responds to geography, climate, and character of the region

-ventilation

The Entrance Pavilion, Exposition Universelle 1889

• Designed by Gustav Eiffel and maurice koechlin • Extensive use of iron, 300m high

The Opera House, Paris

Neo-Baroque by Charles Garnier

church of sacre-couer

Neo-Byzantine by Paul Abadie

Stonehenge

Most spectacular and imposing of monolithic monuments. Outer ring, inner ring, innermost horseshoe-shaped ring with open end facing east

Parthenon, Acropolis

Greece, Classical Period, Athens, 400

sacred to Athena, made of marble

view from the back of the temple, face rising sun

3/4 view to see how wide it is

offerings before temple, not inside

Acropolis of Athens

10 structures form a world-famous building group: • Propylaea • Pinacotheca • Statue of Athena Promachos • Erectheion • Parthenon • Temple of Nike Apteros • Old Temple of Athena • Stoa of Eumeses • Theater of Dionysus • Odeon of Herodes Atticus

Temple of Hera, Paestum, Italy

Archaic Greek. This temple is one of the earliest surviving Greek temples. The bulging columns and spreading capitals are typical of Doric architecture of the Archaic period. The temple probably featured a Doric frieze of triglyphs and metopes, but none of this embellishment has survived.

Circus Maximus

a Roman outdoor arena in which public games, such as chariot races, were held

Bath of Diocletian

Pantheon, Rome

a circular temple in rome

Segovia Aqueduct

Spain

200 AD

made of concrete

Basilica (Forum of Pompeii)

Old St. Peter's, Rome

Erected by Constantine near the site of St. Peter's martyrdom

Pisa Cathedral

Forms one of most famous building groups in the world - Cathedral, Baptistery, Campanile, and Campo Santo

St. Mark, Venice

On the site of original Basilican church • An exterior quality all its own: blending of features from many foreign lands

Worms Cathedral

Eastern and western apses and octagons 2 circular towers flank each Octagon at crossing, with pointed roof

Motte and Bailey

Later became citadels with stone curtain walls

Siena Cathedral

One of most stupendous undertakings since the building of the Pisa cathedral • Outcome of civic pride - all artists in Siena contributed their works to its building and adornment

Penhurst Place

Carcassone

• built in 13th Century AD • double wall, inner one made in 600 AD • 50 towers and moat • two gateways guarded by machicolations, drawbridge and portcullis

Ulm Cathedral

tallest cathedral in the world (162 m high)

Notre Dame, Paris, France

One of the oldest French cathedrals • Begun by Bishop Maurice de Sully

Chatres Cathedral

Wesminster Abbey

Complex of church, royal palace and burial grounds • Most important medieval building in Britain • widest (32 m) and highest vault in England (102 ft)

Amiens Cathedral

The Escorial, Madrid

• Austere group of buildings, composed of the monastery, college, church and palace with state apartments

Blenheim Palace

Most monumental mansion in England • Example of central block with wings

St. Paul Cathedral, London

Designed by Christopher Wren • Area of 6000 sq.m and a large central space under dome for big congregations

St. Peter, Rome

Most important Renaissance building in Italy • With cathedral, piazza and the Vatican, forms a worldfamous group

Chateau de Chambord

feature double helix stone stair to allow guest to climb up and down without passing each other (french renaissance)

The university, salamanca

The facade is a Plateresque design masterpiece • Admirable craftsmanship

Queen's House

influenced by Palladian architecture

Banqueting House

INIGO JONES, London, inspired by Palladio, built for James I, modest emphasis on center of facade, central bay of six windows, flat pilasters, rusticated basement level, two stories of windows, balustraded roof

Palazzo Strozzi

By Benedetto da Majano • Representative of the Florentine palace of that period • Open cortile and piano nobile • Astylar exterior of uniform rustication

Tempietto of San Pietro

• Resembling small Roman circular temple with Doric columns • 4.5 m internal diameter

Unity Temple

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1909

the conservatory, carlton house

Cast-iron for structural and decorative purpose

Crystal Palace

Building erected in London, for the Great Exhibition of 1851. Made of iron and glass, like a gigantic greenhouse, it was a symbol of the industrial age.

US Capitol Building

This Neoclassical American landmark built in the first part of the 19th century features a massive dome.

westminster new palace

Designed by Sir Charles Barry • Non-classical design: Gothic detail by Pugin • Victoria tower, Clock tower "Big Ben" • First major public building of Gothic revival

Robie House, Chicago

Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

Sagrada Familia

Art Noveau by Antoni Gaudi

Old World Trade Center

Minoru Yamasaki Structural steel framing • Destroyed by the September 11 terrorist attacks

New World Trade Center

Daniel Libeskind 541 m tall after 9-11 attack

Sydney Opera House

Jorn Utzon Has a peel orange design in the bay of sydney

The Chrysler Building

William van Alen Art Deco style building in new york

Villa Savoye at Poissy

Realization of 'five points‘ of new architecture

Johnson Wax Co. Building

UNESCO Secretariat Building, Paris

TWA Terminal, JFKennedy Airport

Undulating shape was meant to evoke the excitement of high speed flight

Chapel of Notre Dame, Ronchamp

le Corbusier

Palazzetto dello Sport

Designed by Pierre Luigi Nervi and Vitellozzi for 1960 Rome Olympics

Parliament Building, Brasilia

Oscar Niemeyer work with city planner lucio costa

Enstein Tower

Potsdam made by Eric Mendelsohn

Sports Hall for 1964 Tokyo Olympics

Designed by Kenzo Tange for Olympics

Munich Stadium

Frei Otto made this building for 1972 Olympics

Falling Water

Frank Lloyd Wright Famous work

Viharas

Buddhist monasteries often excavated from solid rock • Central pillared chamber or quadrangle surrounded by verandah

The Taj-Mahal, Agra

Built by the emperor Shah Jahan for his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal

Mandira

Hindu temple with a interior sanctuary called a vimana • Capped by a tapering spire-shaped tower – sikhara

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

Most important Islamic structure

Mosque

Principal place of worship • Building used for Friday prayer

Stupas

• Buddhist memorial mound erected to enshrine a relic of Buddha, to commemorate special events or mark a sacred spot • Regarded as symbols of the universe • Based on the pre-historic funerary tumulus

Chaityas

Buddhist shrine also carved out of solid rock • Formed like an aisled basilica with a stupa at one end

Stambhas

Monumental pillars standing free without any structural function • Circular or octagonal shafts

The Alhambra, Granada

Fortified palace and complex of buildings set in gardens • One of most elaborate and richly decorated Islamic palaces

The Great Wall of China

Most famous of ancient Chinese buildings • by Shi Huangdi

Shinto temples

Japanese Version of Temples

Pai-Lous

Monumental, ceremonial gateway and basic symbolic structure in Chinese architecture • Erected as memorials to eminent persons

Chinese Temple

Chief feature was the roof • Supported on timber uprights and independent of walls • A sign of dignity to place roofs one over the other

Chinese Pagoda

Octagonal in plan • Odd number of stories, 9 or 13 • Roofs projecting from each of its many floors, turned up eaves • Slopes inwards to the top

Japanese Pagoda

Derived from the Chinese pagoda • Square plan • Mostly 5 storeys, 45 m in height • Virtually suspended around a central timber

Torii

Monumental, free-standing gateways to a Shinto shrine • Derived from the Chinese pai-lou

Manila Hotel

William Parsons 1st Hotel in Ph, with 1st elevator