Development

7-9%

conventional morality

adolescents, follow rules because they exist to keep order

postconventional morality

adults, they do what they believe is right

carol gilligan

said moral reasoning and mora behaviors are two different things

erikson

worked on socioemotional development; 8 stages of crisis

trust vs mistrust

birth-18 months; if basic needs will be met

antonomy vs shame and doubt

1-3 years; learning to exercise their will and think for themselves

initiative vs guilt

3-6 years; learn to start tasks and carry out plans

industry vs inferiority

6-puberty; learn pleasure of applying themselves to tasks

identity vs role confusion

adolescence-20s; refine sense of self by testing roles and forming an identity

intimacy vs isolation

20s-40s; form close relationships and gain capacity for love

generativity vs stagnation

40s-60s; discover sense of contributing to the world

integrity vs despair

60s-above; reflect on your life

cellular clock theory

cells have a max number of divisions

free-radical theory

unstable oxygen molecules within cells damage DNA

cross-sectional study

studies of people that are different ages at the same point in time

longitudinal study

studies done on on the same people over time

zygote

0-14 days, cells dividing

embryo

until \~9 weeks, vital organs formed

fetus

9 weeks- birth, overall development

teratogens

external agents that could disrupt baby’s development (alcohol, drugs)

maturation

natural course of development

reflexes

innate responses baby is born with (rooting)

jean piaget

worked on cognitive development

schemas

what information is organized into

assimilation

putting new information into preexisting schema

accommodation

adjusting preexisting schema to fit new information

sensorimotor stage

0-2 years, no object permanence and develop sense of self

pre-operational stage

2-7 years, lack conservation and reversibility but are egocentric

concrete operational stae

7-11 years, operational thinking and classification and can think logically

formal operational stage

11-15 years, use abstract ideas and thoughts and have hypothetical-deductive reasoning

vygotsky’s theory

cognitive development is a social process

harry harlow

MONKEYS

baumdind

parenting styles (authoritarian, permissive and authoriative)

mary ainsworth

stranger situation paradigm on attachment

kohlberg

worked on moral development

preconventional morality

children, follow the rules to avoid punishment