Studied by 1 personlarynx
our voice box, essential to speaking contains all vocal chords.
trachea
our windpipe, passage from mouth to lungs
bronchi
tubes that branch from trachea to bronchi-oles
bronchi-oles
small tubes going from bronchi to alveolar
alveolus
tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place
diaphragm
sheet of muscles sitting beneath the lungs
gas exchange
process where gases move between lungs and blood
alveolus adaptations: moist lining inside
allows gases to dissolve helping them diffuse across
alveolus adaptations: large blood supply
makes it easier for gases to diffuse in and out
alveolus adaptations: wall is 1 cell thick
shorter distances for gases to diffuse across
alveolus adaptations: lots of alveoli in lungs
increases surface area
big volume (inhale)
lower pressure
small volume (exhale)
higher pressure
Tar
damages alveoli
cancer causing
damages cilliated cells and leads to greater mucus production
nicotine
leads to addiction
increases heart rate (stimulant) and blood pressure
carbon monoxide
combines with haemoglobin to reduce oxygen transport
goblet cell
makes mucus
mucus
traps dirt and bacteria
cilia
moves mucus back up mouth for spitting/swallowing
smokers cough
to physically remove trapped mucus
respiration
releasing energy from food (glucose)
where aerobic respiration occurs
mitochondria
anaerobic respiration
during hard exercise, your heart/lungs cannot get enough oxygen to muscles fast enough so your body releases energy anaerobically instead.
Lactic acid
poisonous waste product
causes cramps and stops muscles working
oxygen debt
oxygen that needs to be taken into body after exercise to get rid of lactic acid
aerobic respiration word equation
glucose + oxygen -- > carbon dioxide + water + energy
anaerobic respiration word equation
glucose -- > lactic acid + energy
anaerobic in microorganisms word equation
gluecose -- > ethanol + carbon dioxide
anaerobic problems
releases little energy
lactic acid
where anaerobic respiration takes place
cytoplasm
effects of smoking
cancer
bronchitis
emphysema
smokers cough
Note
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