Studied by 29 people
what made knights better than footsoldiers
they were on horseback
(reading)How did J.R. Strayer famously characterizes feudalism?
public power in private hands”
.In what sense is feudalism not really a medieval thing, according to Professor Maitland?
Feudalism had already been given certain meanings that were not a part of the Medieval century.
How did the Vikings (Scandinavians) get rid of unpopular rulers
by drowning them in wells
became more powerful as the power of the Carolingian monarchy declined after Charlemagne
tribal chieftans
Louis the Pious
intelligent and well-meaning, but an inadequate leader of a Germanic society.
job of the missi
to maintain the king’s control by going to far places and make sure that they are still following the king’s rules
script
historical documents and the carolingian script was very readable.
humanism
taking great care in human interaction and beauty.
(reading)Whose writing were carefully studied by the Anglo Saxon and Irish monks of the seventh and eighth centuries?
the Bible and all the patristic writers such as augustine
(reading)What effect did the Viking invasions have on the monastic schools?
There was a decline of some monastic schools because of disturbed local conditions or viking marauders
(reading)Why was Alcuin important?
He was the leader of an educational movement in germany.
(reading) Application of intelligence
the Carolingian world was marked by the beginnings of the ___________________ to the problems of society, and although relatively the achievements in this connection may not appear to be great, this development was of the greatest importance in medieval civilization
(reading)Who did the people of the first Europe turn to when gold was needed?
Byzantine and Moslem currency
(reading)Why was it absolutely necessary for the manor to be self sufficient?
There were many overwhelming difficulties of transportation in the period.
(reading)were most people peasants or serfs?
peasants
(reading)What is the main theme of paragraph 4?
Life was worse than in Roman times.
(reading)what role did cities play in the first Europe
none
(reading)distinguishing quality of the medieval civilization over the next three centuries
he secular obligations and interests of the Carolingian clergy and the spiritual claims of the eighth- and ninth-century kings signified the interpenetration of the church and the world
(reading)Duo Sunt
There are two different versions of languages, the vulgar Latin, and the pure Latin.
(reading) Petrine theory
relating back to Peter being the rock of the church.
(reading)What was the nature of the Languages of Europe during this period?
The language of the “churchman, kings, and aristocracy” was Latin. There was also Anglo-Saxon, the Celtic tongue was perpetuated, and some derivatives of vulgar Latin that were precursors of the Romance languages that made French and German.
(reading)What regions were a part of “the first Europe” that Cantor is describing?
France, England, Western Germany, Ireland, Central and Northern Italy, and the mountain regions of Northern Spain.
(reading)What does Cantor say about the sources for the Carolingian period?
There are a lot of sources compared to other centuries.
(reading)author and title?
norman canter, civilization of the middle ages
giotto
the transitional artist from byzantine to modern art.
the decameron
collection of stories from the time of bubonic plague
memento mori
Latin phrase meaning 'remember you must die'. A basic memento mori painting would be a portrait with a skull but other symbols commonly found are hour glasses or clocks, extinguished or guttering candles, fruit, and flowers. Closely related to the memento mori picture is the vanitas still life.
investiture controversy
The Investiture Controversy, also called Investiture Contest, was a conflict between the church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops and abbots of monasteries and the pope himself. (ends with concordat of worm)
hanseatic league
commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe.
concordat of worms
The Concordat of Worms was an agreement between the Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire which regulated the procedure for the appointment of bishops and abbots in the Empire.(ends investiture controversy)
cistercians
a group of monks that follow the rule of st benedict.
cluny
the first monastery of benedictine reform.
St. Benedict of Nursia
Wrote the Rule of St. Benedict
Established the monastery in montecassino
St. Francis of Assisi
Founder of the Franciscans, who were a group of monks who went around helping people
St. Simeon Stylites
Eremitic saint
Found solitude on pillars in the middle of the desert
Lived on a 40ft pillar for 37 years
William of Normandy
Defeated King Harold
Led the Battle of Hastings
Fought in the Norman conquest of England
Battle of Hastings
Led by William the Conqueror -Normans took over the Anglo-Saxons
King Harold is defeated by William the Conqueror
Battle of Tours
Battle fought in France by Charles Martel and the Muslims
If Martel had not succeeded, the Muslims would have taken over Europe and Christianity probably would have gone extinct
Bourgeoisie
Middle class of medieval France
Included merchants and professionals
Bubonic Plague
Ravaging plague that overtook the world and killed half of the population
Spread by fleas rats and people
Byzantine Style
Style of art developed in the middle ages
Focused on stylized imagery rather than naturalistic depictions
Capetians
French dynasty founded by Hugh Capet
They moved the capital of France from Aachen to Paris
Carolingians
After Merovingians
Defeated the Muslim army
Held King Pepin and Charlemagne
Cistercians
Wanted to go back to the Rule of St. Benedict
Created in reaction against Cluney, France when the monks did not work on the land because there were already serfs there
Days of the week
Based on what pagan god ruled the first hour of each day
Eremitic
Isolating monks
Feudal Pyramid
God » Pope » King » Nobles » Knights » Peasants/Serfs
Everybody was a vassal of somebody
Four Rightly Guided Caliphs
First four caliphs after Muhammad's death
Geocentric
The thought that the Universe revolved around the Earth
Great Schism
Separation of the Catholic and Orthodox church
Happened between the Pope(Rome) and the Patriarch(Constantinople)
Heresy
Unorthodox belief
Humanism
A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity
A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
Lordship
Supreme power or rule
Merovingians
Clovis and his successors
After the dark ages
Pagobert-poor king, both mind and money, last king of the Merovingians
Monasticism
The practice of living the life of a monk
Devoting your life to God
Montecassino, Italy
City in Italy
Grew because of St. Benedict's monastery
Orthodoxy
Authorized or generally accepted theory, doctrine, or practice
Peasants
Poor farmers who did not belong to the land
Under knights on the Feudal Pyramid
Ptolemaic Cosmology
Earth in the middle of the universe
Based on the Bible, not on what was actually in the sky
Serfs
Peasant who belonged to the land of a Duke
Simony
Buying your way up in the church
The Rule of St. Benedict
The religious rule that became the basis of western monasticism. Focused on "ora et labora".
Strict rule that was a guideline for monks
Vassalage
Servant of someone
Basis of Feudalism
Bruges and Ghent
Became centers for making and trading cloth
Ghent is farther inland than Bruges
Constantinople/Istanbul
Capital of the East Roman Empire and of the Ottoman Empire
On the Western side of the Bosporus Straight
Home of the Eastern Orthodox church
Cordoba, Spain
This Spanish city was the center of Islamic culture in Europe during the Middle Ages
Located Southerly inland in Spain
Genoa, Italy
A seaport in northwestern Italy
Venice's Twin, located on the West most armit of Italy
Florence
This city was once of hot spots of Renaissance culture in the 1400s
Located North of Rome, still in Italy
London, England
Located in South England
Paris, France
Located in Northern France
Venice, Italy
City that controlled important trade routes to the East. Canals serve as its "streets".
Located on the Easternmost armpit of Italy
Mediterranean
Almost or completely surrounded by land
Sea South of Europe, North of Africa
Baltic Sea
Located between Sweden and Finland
North Sea
A large arm of the Atlantic Ocean, between great Britain and continental europe.
Adriatic Sea
Located East of Italy
English Channel
Body of water that separates France and England
Note
Flashcard