Western Heritage Mid Term

Sumerian Civilization (date)

c. 5000-1500

Akkadian Empire (date)

c. 2300-2150

Babylonian Empire (date)

c. 1900-1595

Assyrian Empire (date)

c. 1360-912

Neo-Babylonian Empire (date)

c. 612-550

Persian Empire (date)

c. 550-330

Hammurabi

He designed a legal code in early Babylon that gave punishment based on crime and social status. Relied on the principle of lex talionis. (reigned from 1792-1750)

Conquest of Judah by Babylon

593

Conquest of Israel by Assyria

720

Division of Israel and Judah

930

First 'northern Semitic' migration to Palestine

3500

Earliest references to semi-nomadic bands as hapiru/habiru

2500

Amurru/Amorite migration to Canaan (Abraham and Patriarchs)

2100-2000

Biblical date for the Exodus

1500

Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

1700-1550

Hyskos

chiefs of foreign lands in the Nile Delta region

New Kingdom of Egypt

1550-1077

Ramses II reign

1290-1224

First extra-biblical reference to Israel (date)

1220s

Joshua's conquest

14th century

Period of the Judges

13th-11th centuries

King David reign

1050-950

House of David reigns in Jerusalem until

593

Minoan era (Crete)

2200

Mycenean era (mainland Greece)

1750

Greek dark age ("Bronze Age Collapse")

1100-800

Bronze Age collapse

Mycenean conquest of Crete (1450)

Emergence of the city state/polis

800-700

acropolis

worship

agora

business

citizen class

landowning men

hoplite

soldiers fought the phalanx formation

Hellenic Culture

games (quadrennial Olympics), cult festivals with staged plays, public debates/lectures

Sparta (Lycurgus)

mythical lawgiver (two kings, Gerousia council of sixty; martial culture with no private family rights)

Ecclesia (Assembly)

approved laws

Ephors

executive officers

Athens (wealthy city)- Draco's harsh legal code

621

Solon (elected 594)

freed debt for slaves, population of archons, created the Boule council of 500

Cleistheness reforms (508)

established citizen tribes called Demes, election of archons by lot, expanded Boule

Cyrus the Great reign

559-530

Darius the Great reign

525-486

Xerxes I reign

486-465

Delian League (date & info)

478-404, Athenian allies, functionally an empire by 450s

Themistocles (date)

524-459

Peloponnesian War (date)

431-404

Peace of Nicias

421-413

Athenian Invasion of Syracuse

413

Spartan naval victory at Aegospotami

405

Pre-Socratics theories of being

investigation of order in the cosmos

Thales

water

Anaximander

conflict

Heraclitus

fire

Sophists

itinerant educators, masters of rhetoric

Protagoras (date)

490-420 ("man in the measure of all things")

Socrates (date & info)

469-399, executed for impiety (idealism and the world of forms)

Plato (date & info)

428-348, critic of democracy (mother related to Thirty Tyrants)

Academy (date)

387 BC- 529 AD

Aristotle (date & info)

384-322, father was court doctor to Amyntas II of Macedon, tutor of Alexander

Lyceum (date)

335-86 BC

Rise of the Macedonian power: Archeleus reign

413-388

Alexander the Great reign

336-323

conquered known word (date)

333-323

Darius III of Persia reign

336-330

Battles of Issues and Gaugamela (dates)

333, 331

Successor generals: Antigonus Gonatas (date)

320-239

Successor generals: Seleucus Nicator (date)

358-281

Successor generals: Ptolemy Stoter (date)

367-282

Successor generals: Lysimachus of Thessaly (date)

360-281

Ptolemaic Kingdom (Egypt)- date

305-30

Antigonid dynasty (Anatolia)- date

306-168

Seleucid Empire (Persia & the Near-East)- date

312-63

Greek-speaking cities

administrative, economic, and cultural centers

eastern-style kings

divine ruler cults

syncretic religion and mystery cults

rites of passage, personal communion with patron god/goddess

vast trade network

high international migration of Greek-speaking professionals and mercenaries

An age of learning

Library of Alexandria

Euclid (geometry)- date

350-280

Eratosthenes (librarian)- date

276-194

Claudius Ptolemy (mathematician)- date

170-100

Archimedes of Syracuse (rule of displacement)- date

287-212

Epicurus (reason)- date

342-270

new school in Athens (date)

307

pleasure =

absence of pain/fear, it is the highest good

Stoicism (date & info)

school founded by Zeno (336-264), material universe pervaded by impersonal divine reason; happiness is life in accordance with nature

Epictetus (date & info)

55-135, Nero's slave; all men have capacity to do good; popularized Stoicism in the Roman World

Founding of Rome (date)

753

Plebian Assembly created

471

Twelve Tables of the Law (date)

445

Secession of the Plebs (five occasions between, date)

494 & 267

Conquest of Italy (date)

753-264

Etruscan Wars (date)

753-246

Samnite Wars (date)

343-290

Latin War (date)

340-338

Pyric War (date)

280-275

Creation of the Republic

509

Romulus and Remus Myth (early period ruled by kings)

They are twin brothers whose story tells the events that led to the founding of the city of Rome and the Roman Kingdom by Romulus.

Conflict of orders (date)

494-287, class struggle for political rights

Three Punic Wars vs. Carthage (date)

264-146

Hannibal and the Battle of Cannae (date)

216

Scipio Aemilianus razes Carthage

146