Define cytoplasm
cytosol fluid organelles
define cytosol
site of metabolic reactions, cytoplasm without the organelles
define plasma membrane
phospholipid bilayer
regulates the flow of the material into and out of the cell
define nucleus
contains genetic information (DNA)
replication and transcription occur here
define nuclear envelope
two concentric membranes
acts as a plasma membrane in order to regulate stuff
Define endoplasmic reticulum
involved in protein and lipid synthesis
protein folding
rough or smooth ER
define golgi apparatus
-packages and fold proteins received from ER`
Why is the order of the Nucleus, E.R and G.R significant
less distance for genetic material to travel and become damaged
Define Peroxisomes
Hydrogen peroxide used to break down toxic materials
Define lysosomes
site of intercellular digestion
degrade old and worn organelles
breakdown macromolecules
part of exchanges btwn plasma membrane, GR, and ER
Define Mitochondria
Site of ATP production, chemical fuel for cellular processes.
Has its own DNA
T or F: the mitochondria and chloroplasts have one membrane
false: they has two membranes, one inner and one outer
Define Chlorplasts
They capture energy from sunlight, site of photosynthesis
Have their own DNA
What is the endosymbiotic theory
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts were formerly smaller prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger cells.
What is the evidence of the endosymbiotic theory
M and C have their own DNA
DNA is circular like bacteria
if M and C are depleted, cell cannot remake them
Membrane composition similar to bacteriA
Define Viruses
not cells
cannot reproduce alone
outer protein coat
Protected interior that contains genetic material (DNA or RNA)
what is usually the size of viruses
~50nm
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
Archaea and Bacteria are what?
Prokaryotes
[ ] are the most diverse and numerous cells on earth
Prokaryotes are the most diverse
[ ] show increased complexity
Eukaryotes
The [ ] is the information store of the cell
Nucleus
[. ] generates usable energy from food molecules
Mitochondria
[. ] capture energy from sunlight
chloroplasts
[. ] create intracellular compartments with different Functions
Internal Membranes
[. ] is a concentrated aqueous gel of large and small molecules and is far from static
Cytosol
The [. ] is responsible for directed cell movements
Cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic cells may have originated as what?
predators