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“It is useless to talk to [the revolutionaries of France] of the practice of their ancestors, the fundamental laws of their country, the fixed form of a constitution, whose merits are confirmed by the solid test of long experience, and an increasing public strength and national prosperity. They despise experience as the wisdom of unlettered men; and as for the rest, they have wrought underground a mine that will blow up at one grand explosion all examples of antiquity, all precedents, charters, and acts of parliament. They have ‘the rights of men.’ Against these there can be no prescription; against these no argument is binding: these admit no temperament, and no compromise: anything withheld from their full demand is [regarded as] so much of fraud and injustice.”
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the French Revolution, 1790
Burke saw the main error of the Enlightenment philosophes as being which of the following?
A. They were stuck in outmoded ideas
B. They believed in constitutions
C. They distrusted tradition
D. They put too much faith in kings
E. They excluded women
C. They distrusted tradition
“It is useless to talk to [the revolutionaries of France] of the practice of their ancestors, the fundamental laws of their country, the fixed form of a constitution, whose merits are confirmed by the solid test of long experience, and an increasing public strength and national prosperity. They despise experience as the wisdom of unlettered men; and as for the rest, they have wrought underground a mine that will blow up at one grand explosion all examples of antiquity, all precedents, charters, and acts of parliament. They have ‘the rights of men.’ Against these there can be no prescription; against these no argument is binding: these admit no temperament, and no compromise: anything withheld from their full demand is [regarded as] so much of fraud and injustice.”
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the French Revolution, 1790
Burke regarded the French Revolution as a
A. Terrible mistake
B. A glorious triumph
C. Necessary and timely
D. A matter of indifference
E. A model for future revolutions
Terrible mistake
Which of the following were members of the Third Estate in France in 1789?
A. The nobles
B. The clergy
C. Military officers
D. The bourgeoisie
E. The colonists
D. The bourgeoisie
As the French Revolution began, which countries became its most vocal enemies?
Austria and Prussia
Which of the following was a persistent cause of agitation and protests by the Parisian lower classes in the eighteenth century?
Substantial increases in the cost of bread
In the 1780s, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on
interest payment on the debt
In 1815 Prince Metternich did which of the following?
Coordinated the dismantling of Napoleon's empire at the Congress of Vienna
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Napoleonic Code?
A.) It was Europe's first written law code.
B.) It prepared the way for the Bourbon Restoration.
C.) It institutionalized the corvée.
D.) It protected private property and the authority of husbands within the family.
E.) It determined the shape of European governments until the First World War
D.) It protected private property and the authority of husbands within the family.
One major difference in election procedures for the Legislative Assembly (established by the Constitution of 1791) and the National Convention that followed it in 1792 was that
there were property requirements for voting for the legislative Assembly, but none for the Convention. All adult French males could legally vote for the Convention.
How did Napoleon rise to power in France?
Napoleon's charismatic personality and great military leadership encouraged people to support him as he led a coup d'etat.
A major revolutionary ideal spread throughout Europe by the French armies during the Revolutionary and the Napoleonic periods was that
careers should be open to talented individuals from all classes
The first use of the terms "right" and "left" was to describe the
seating arrangements in the French National Assembly chamber during the French Revolution
The social groups that benefited most from the Revolution and Napoleon were the middle class and the
peasants
Under the Napoleonic system, peasants in territories conquered by French armies were generally given
freedom from manorial obligations
Mary Wollstonecraft argued that
men and women would benefit from sexual equality
The Declaration of Pillnitz
declared war on the French revolutionary government
Napoleon's primary aim in establishing the Continental System was to
destroy Great Britain's economy
All of the following are accurate statements concerning the Estates-General EXCEPT:
the Third Estate made up about 50% of the French population
The men elected to represent the Third Estate at the Estates General were primarily
lawyers and government officials.
Revisionist historians of the French Revolution stress all of the following except the
conflict between the nobility and the bourgeoisie.
The armies of revolutionary France enjoyed which of the following advantages over the armies of the major European monarchs?
Greater patriotism and morale
How did Austria fare in its relations with France in the years before Napoleon was overthrown?
A series of humiliating military defeats.
The radical Jacobins of the French Revolution asserted their authority
In the Committee of Public Safety
During 1793-1794, Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety owed much of their influence to the support of
a group of small property owners and wage laborers in Paris
The author of the cartoon below would most likely agree with all of the following EXCEPT:
the writing of the Declaration of Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
The policy of extending the French Revolution beyond France's borders was most clearly associated with the
Girondin party
Napoleon's Civil Code of 1804
institutionalized women's secondary status.
This selection was written by which of the following?
A supporter of the French Revolution
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen guaranteed all of the following except
social equality
The battle that prevented Napoleon's planned invasion of England was
Trafalgar
This document records and oath of unity taken by members of the
French Estates General in opposition to Louis XVI, thus marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
The Americans contributed to the French Revolution by
demonstrating the practical application of Enlightenment ideals
In Great Britain the Enlightenment may best be characterized as which of the following:
Pragmatic and moderate
This agreement is commonly known as the
Tennis Court Oath
The print below, commemorating the women's march on Versailles in October 1789, shows that
women wanted to leave their homes to join the work force
Which of the following caused the deepest and most persistent internal opposition to the French Revolution?
The enactment of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
The Directory continued French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments
because big, victorious armies kept men employed and could draw sustenance from the conquered areas.
What was the most important factor shaping Metternich's view of Napoleon I?
His aristocratic birth and heritage
According to Olympes de Gouges,
men and women should be equal in the eyes of the law.
The main purpose of the women's march to Versailles in October 1789 was to
ensure the king's support for the Declaration of Rights and cheap bread for Paris.
The American Revolution played and major role in European history because it
precipitated the French financial crisis that led to the calling of the Estates-General
Abbe Sieyes answer to the question "What is the Third Estate?" was that it was
the most useful component of French society
"I will allow that bodily strength seems to give man a natural superiority over woman; and this is the only solid basis on which the superiority of men over women can be built."
The passage above best reflects the argument of
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which of the following best characterizes eighteenth century France just prior to the Revolution of 1789?
The French monarchy was experiencing a deepening financial crisis.
The scene below depicted by David is of what event?
The first meeting of the National Assembly.
The list of grievances, or cahiers de doleances, brought by members of the Estates-General to Versailles in 1789 called for
tax equity
The accomplishments of the National Assembly included all of the following except
the introduction of universal compulsory education
The grievance petitions from all three estates called for all of the following except
An American-style republic
The Third Estate was represented in the Estates General, which met in 1789. What happened to the French parliament in that year?
It was reconstituted at the National Assembly
Napoleon Bonaparte's repressive occupation sparked a violent popular revolt in
Spain
Who wrote Declaration on the Rights of Woman?
Olympe de Gouges
Who wrote Reflection on the Revolution in France (1790) which attacked the principle of the rights of man and natural law as fundamentally dangerous to the social order and he emphasized the role of tradition as the basic underpinning for the rights of those in positions of authority. believed in the possibility of slow political change over the passage of time?
Edmund Burke
Who was the czar of Russia whose plans to liberalize the government of Russia were unrealized because of the wars with Napoleon (1777-1825)?
Alexander I
Who was the queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy that was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)?
Marie Antoinette
Who in 1796 plotted to overthrow the Directory?
Francois-Noel Babeuf
Who was Napoleon's first wife after failing to give birth to an heir, Napoleon divorced her in favor of the younger Archduchess Marie Louise?
Josephine de Beauharnais
Who was a Venezuelan revolutionary. A staunch republican who denounced monarchial rule in the new states that eventually went into exile and let Peru fall into confusion. Teamed up with San Martin to form a liberating army to oppose Spanish forces.
Simon Bolivar
Who overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Who was the minister of finance in 1787, encouraged internal trade and lower taxes but tax everyone including nobles, didn't get passed?
Charles Calonne
Who was the British representative at the Congress of Vienna (#192), he represented the UK at the Congress and helped create the security system for Europe that would last until 1848?
Lord Castlereagh
Who published the first translation of the Rossetta Stone in 1822?
Jean Champollion
Who was a French Revolutionary, first sided with Girondists, then accused of planning September Massacres, sided with Montagnards, Joined national convention, met, Robespierre and Marat. shared the same goal: harnessing Paris mob to create Republic and push for radical reforms, described Reign of Terror as "double-edged sword", major factor in the creation of the Committee of Public Safety that ordered all of the Terror's atrocities, executed by Robespierre?
Georges Danton
Who was a spanish painter and printmaker that (1746-1828) worked for the Spanish Crown, and painted Third of May, 1808 in commemoration of the massacres of the Spanish people during the French occupation of Iberia?
Francisco Goya
Who was a French journalist who wrote a lot about the French Revolution. Gained many supporters. Thought the monarchy should be abolished, supported the September Massacres, and attacked the moderate Girondists and was very radical?
Jacques-Rene Hebert
Who was king of France from 1774 to 1792, 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. His queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793?
Louis XVI
Who was the former Count of Provence and brother to both Louis XVI and Count of Artois. Next in line/oldest younger brother of unfortunate Bourbon who went to guillotine. Restored in 1814. Did grant VERY limited suffrage, legal equality and freedom of speech and press. So there was NOT a complete reversion to Old Regime in France. a sensible man but accompanied by return of swarm of vindictive emigres bent on "White Terror."
Louis XVIII
Who was a self educated former slave that fought against plantation owners in Haiti. By 1794 he had fought and slavery ended in french colonies?
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Who was the activist who was stabbed to death in his bathtub by self-proclaimed Girondist Charlotte Corday?
Jean-Paul Marat
Who was Austria's foreign minister who wanted a balance of power in an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression?
Klemens von Metternich
Who was the Swiss Minister of France under Louis XVI that said that the huge debt wasn't bad—they just needed to economize! Hired and after two more ministers passed thru he was hired again?
Jacques Necker
Who was the British admiral that defeated Napoleon in Egypt, and at the Battle of Trafalgar?
Horatio Nelson
Who is known as "The incorruptable;" the leader of the bloodiest portion of the French Revolution. He set out to build a republic of virtue?
Maximillian Robespierre
Who had become the leading general of the Rio de la Plata forces. He organized a disciplined army and led his forces into a fight in the Andes Mountains?
Jose de San Martin
Who was the sympathetic clergyman who became the spokesman for the third estates' cause?
Abbe Sieyes
Who wrote Frankenstein?
Mary Wollstonecraft
Who was the military leader who led the army to victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo
Duke of Wellington
Who was a reform minister who wrote the law that abolished french women guilds?
Jacques Turgot
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